目标:随着年龄的增长,导航技能表现出明显下降的迹象,尤其是病理性衰老。因此,适航性-在合理的努力和时间下可以到达目的地的程度-应在住宅养老院设计中考虑。我们的目标是开发一种评估环境特征的量表(即,室内视觉分化,标牌,和布局)用于住宅护理院的适航性:住宅护理院适航性(RCHN)量表。为此,我们研究了适航性及其因素是否与老年居民不同程度的养老院内的方向感相关,看护者,和工作人员。还考虑了适航性与居住满意度之间的关系。
方法:523名参与者(230名居民,126名家庭照顾者,和167名工作人员)回应了RCHN,评估了他们的方向感和总体满意度,并执行了指向任务。
结果:结果证实了RCHN量表的3级因子结构,可靠性好,和有效性。一种主观的方向感,但不指向任务性能,与适航性及其因素有关。特别是,视觉分化与方向感呈正相关,与群体无关,而标牌和布局有助于更好地体验方向感,尤其是老年居民。导航能力与居民满意度无关。
结论:可导航性支持养老院的感知方向,尤其是老年居民。此外,RCHN是评估RCHN的可靠工具,对于通过环境干预最大限度地减少空间迷失方向具有重要意义。
Navigational skills display clear signs of decline with increasing age, especially in pathological aging. Therefore, navigability-the extent to which destinations can be reached with reasonable effort and time-should be considered in residential care home design. We aimed to develop a scale assessing environmental features (i.e., indoor visual differentiation, signage, and layout) for navigability in residential care homes: the Residential Care Home Navigability (RCHN) scale. To this end, we examined whether navigability and its factors were associated with a sense of direction within the residential care homes to different degrees for older adult residents, caregivers, and staff. The relationship between navigability and residential satisfaction was also considered.
A sample of 523 participants (230 residents, 126 family caregivers, and 167 staff members) responded to the RCHN, assessed their sense of orientation and general satisfaction, and performed a pointing task.
Results confirmed the RCHN scale\'s 3-level factor structure, good reliability, and validity. A subjective sense of direction, but not pointing task performance, was associated with navigability and its factors. In particular, visual differentiation is positively associated with a sense of direction regardless of group, whereas signage and layout contributed to a better experience of a sense of direction, especially among older residents. Navigability was not related to residents\' satisfaction.
Navigability supports perceived orientation in residential care homes, especially for older residents. Moreover, the RCHN is a reliable tool for the assessment of RCHN, with important implications for minimizing spatial disorientation through environmental interventions.