■控制自己和环境的经验的改变与理解抑郁症的精神病理学高度相关。本研究调查了作用事件序列的时间结合之间的关系,代理意识,重度抑郁症患者的自我效能感和症状严重程度。
■我们采用代理感量表(SoAS)和一般自我效能感量表(GSE)评估了42名被诊断患有重度抑郁症(MDD)[20名女性,19名男性;平均年龄37.8岁(±13.3)]和40名未经精神病诊断(CG)的对照者[22名女性,20为男性;平均年龄38.0岁(±13.3)]。使用BDI-II测量抑郁症状严重程度。我们还执行了时间结合范式,作为与代理意识的潜在关联。参与者参加了一个时间估计任务,判断三个间隔(250ms,450ms,650ms),同时观察或引起刺激呈现。引起刺激呈现的有意动作后对间隔的低估(与仅观察刺激呈现相比)被解释为时间结合。
■SoAS评分与抑郁症状呈负相关(CG:p=.032,R2=.113;MDD:p<.001,R2=.260),并且与GSE评分呈正相关(CG:p<.001,R2=.379;MDD:p<.001,R2=.254)。我们发现健康参与者和重度抑郁症组之间的时间结合存在明显差异,时间结合与SoAS或GSE评分之间没有显着相关性。数据表明,在时间估计方面存在小组差异,特别是与涉及有意行动和日益复杂的多感官刺激的时间间隔有关。
■我们研究了主观控制参数,即代理感和自我效能感。这里,我们能够揭示它们与重度抑郁障碍患者的抑郁症状的反比关系,突出了随着症状负荷增加而失去控制的深刻体验。在经历控制方面存在缺陷,特别是涉及有意的运动动作(和更复杂的多感官刺激),在重度抑郁症中似乎更明显,不仅涉及负面的自我效能期望,而且还涉及改变的代理和时间结合感。时间结合和SoAS评分不相关,越来越多的证据表明,这两项措施可能没有直接关系。我们建议未来的研究应针对重性抑郁障碍中代理感与自我效能感之间的这种连续关系。
UNASSIGNED: Alterations in the experience of controlling oneself and one\'s environment are of high relevance to understanding the psychopathology of depression. This study investigated the relationship between Temporal Binding for action-event sequences, sense of agency, self-efficacy and symptom severity in Major Depressive Disorder.
UNASSIGNED: We employed the Sense of Agency Scale (SoAS) and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) to assess explicit Sense of Agency and self-efficacy in a group of 42 persons diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) [20 identifying as female, 19 as male; mean age 37.8 years (± 13.3)] and 40 control persons without a psychiatric diagnosis (CG) [22 identifying as female, 20 as male; mean age 38.0 years ( ± 13.3)]. Depressive symptom severity was measured using the BDI-II. We additionally performed a temporal binding paradigm as a potential correlate to Sense of Agency. Participants partook in a time estimation task judging three intervals (250ms, 450ms, 650ms) while either observing or causing stimulus presentations. The underestimation of intervals following intentional actions causing stimulus presentations (compared to merely observing the stimulus presentation) is interpreted as temporal binding.
UNASSIGNED: SoAS scores demonstrated an inverse correlation with depressive symptoms (CG: p=.032, R2=.113; MDD: p<.001, R2=.260) and a positive correlation with GSE scores (CG: p<.001, R2=.379; MDD: p<.001, R2=.254). We found distinct differences in temporal binding between healthy participants and the Major Depressive Disorder group without significant correlation between temporal binding and the SoAS or GSE scores. The data suggest group differences in time estimation particular pertaining to time intervals involving intentional action and increasingly complex multisensory stimuli.
UNASSIGNED: We investigated parameters of subjective control, namely Sense of Agency and Self Efficacy. Here, we were able to reveal their inverse relationship with depressive symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder, highlighting a profound experience of loss of control with increasing symptom load. Deficits in experiencing control, particularly involving intentional motor actions (and more complex multisensory stimuli), appear to be more pronounced in Major Depressive Disorder, involving not only negative self-efficacy expectations but also an altered Sense of Agency and temporal binding. Temporal binding and SoAS scores did not correlate, adding to the growing evidence that the two measures may not be directly related. We propose that future research be directed at this contiguous relationship between Sense of Agency and Self Efficacy in Major Depressive Disorder.