青少年的自我意识对其心理健康具有重要意义。尽管工作了二十多年,学者们尚未在研究中积累证据来阐明自我在青少年心理健康中的作用。以自我的概念模型为基础,这项荟萃分析综述调查了自我的不同方面及其相关特征与抑郁和焦虑的关联强度,减弱或加剧这些关联的缓和因素,以及它们的因果影响。使用混合效果建模,其中包括来自298项研究的558个效应大小和来自39个国家的274370名青少年,我们的研究结果显示,青少年的自尊/自我概念[r=-0.518,p<0.0001;(95%CI-0.49~-0.547)]和自我同情[r=-0.455,p<0.0001;(95%CI-0.568~-0.343)]在他们与抑郁的关联中显示出最大效应.自尊/自我概念,自我同情,自我意识,自我效能感,自我调节与焦虑有类似的中度负相关性。元回归显示,青少年年龄和线人类型(父母对青少年)是重要的调节者。对因果影响的发现表明双向因果关系,特别是低自尊/自我概念,自我意识和自我效能感导致更高的抑郁,反之亦然。相比之下,不同的自我特征并未显示出与焦虑的特定因果方向。这些结果确定了与青少年心理健康功能有关的关键自我特征。我们讨论了我们的发现在如何推进青少年心理健康的自我理论方面的理论意义,以及建立自我作为培养心理健康心理技能的实际意义。
Adolescents\' sense of self has important implications for their mental health. Despite more than two decades of work, scholars have yet to amass evidence across studies to elucidate the role of
selfhood in the mental health of adolescents. Underpinned by the conceptual model of
selfhood, this meta-analytic review investigated the strength of associations of different facets of
selfhood and their associated traits with depression and anxiety, moderating factors that attenuate or exacerbate these associations, and their causal influences. Using mixed-effects modeling, which included 558 effect sizes from 298 studies and 274 370 adolescents from 39 countries, our findings revealed that adolescents\' self-esteem/self-concept [r = -0.518, p < 0.0001; (95% CI -0.49 to -0.547)] and self-compassion [r = -0.455, p < 0.0001; (95% CI -0.568 to -0.343)] demonstrating largest effect sizes in their associations with depression. Self-esteem/self-concept, self-compassion, self-awareness, self-efficacy, and self-regulation had similar moderate negative associations with anxiety. Meta-regressions revealed that adolescent age and type of informants (parents v. adolescents) were important moderators. Findings on causal influences indicated bidirectional causations, particularly low self-esteem/self-concept, self-awareness and self-efficacy drive higher depression and vice-versa. In contrast, the different self traits did not demonstrate specific causal direction with anxiety. These results pinpoint self traits that are pivotal in relating to adolescent mental health functioning. We discussed the theoretical implications of our findings in terms of how they advance theory of
selfhood for adolescent mental health, and the practical implications of building
selfhood as cultivating psychological skills for mental health.