消防员反复暴露于火灾现场发生的各种污染物。有三种水平的暴露:主要暴露于污染物,二次接触个人防护设备(PPE)上的污染物,以及由于个人防护设备上的污染物而第三次暴露于受污染的消防站和消防车。因此,对于消防员来说,重要的是要意识到暴露于污染物的风险,并实践健康行为,例如适当的PPE管理。在现有文献中,消防员的风险感知水平与他们的健康信念之间没有明确的关联,这些信念是关于在火灾现场暴露于有害物质的意识对健康的影响。这项研究旨在评估暴露风险的认识与初级,次要,和三级污染物和健康信念。它被设计成一个横断面研究,其中一项基于网络的调查于2021年5月13日至5月31日进行。这项分析是在1940年在首尔大都会工作的消防员中进行的,他们同意参加这项研究。感觉到易感性的参与者可能知道主要(调整后的优势比(AOR)=2.10,95%置信区间(CI)1.16-3.80),次要(AOR=2.77,95%CI1.77-4.32),和第三(AOR=2.73,95%CI1.85-4.03)暴露风险。感知障碍的参与者不太可能意识到暴露于初级的风险(AOR=0.67,95%CI0.49-0.91),次要(AOR=0.77,95%CI0.61-0.96),和三级(AOR=0.75,95%CI0.62-0.91)污染物。建议采取教育干预措施,以提高对暴露于污染物的风险的感知敏感性和认识,并减少感知障碍。因此,教育干预预计将对消防员管理适当的个人防护装备产生积极影响。我们证实了职业暴露风险与消防员健康信念之间的关联。在健康信念模型(HBM)中,影响健康行为的健康信念也会影响对暴露风险水平的认识。因此,对健康信念的干预也可用于提高与工作相关的暴露风险意识.对于新来者和现任者来说,定期对火灾现场的健康影响进行培训是必要的,以使消防员能够更好地认识到每种职业暴露水平的风险。此外,法律法规对于去除污染PPE的有害物质是必要的,例如自给式呼吸器(SCBA),在暴露于火灾现场期间。我们的研究可以作为未来改善消防政策和教育计划的基础。
Firefighters are repeatedly exposed to various pollutants that occur at fire scenes. There are three levels of exposure: primary exposure to pollutants, secondary exposure to pollutants on personal protective equipment (PPE), and tertiary exposure to contaminated fire stations and fire engines due to pollutants on PPE. Therefore, it is important for firefighters to be aware of the risk of exposure to pollutants and to practice health behaviors such as appropriate PPE management. No clear association has been established in the existing literature between firefighters\' risk perception level and their health beliefs about the health impact of awareness of exposure to hazardous substances at fire scenes. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between awareness of the exposure risk to primary, secondary, and tertiary pollutants and health beliefs. It was designed as a cross-sectional study, in which a web-based survey was conducted from 13 May to 31 May 2021. The analysis was conducted in 1940 firefighters working in the Seoul metropolis who agreed to participate in the research. Participants who perceived susceptibility were likely to be aware of the primary (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-3.80), secondary (AOR = 2.77, 95% CI 1.77-4.32), and tertiary (AOR = 2.73, 95% CI 1.85-4.03) exposure risks. Participants who perceived barriers were unlikely to be aware of the risk of exposure to primary (AOR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.49-0.91), secondary (AOR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.61-0.96), and tertiary (AOR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.62-0.91) pollutants. Educational intervention is recommended to improve perceived susceptibility and awareness of the risk of exposure to pollutants and reduce perceived barriers. Consequently, educational intervention is expected to positively impact firefighters\' management of appropriate PPE. We confirmed an association between occupational exposure risk and firefighters\' health beliefs. In the health belief model (HBM), health beliefs that affect health behavior also affect awareness of the exposure risk level. Therefore, an intervention for health beliefs can also be used to raise job-related exposure risk awareness. Regular training on the health impacts of fire scenes is necessary for both newcomers and incumbents to enable firefighters to better recognize the risks of each occupational exposure level. Additionally, laws and regulations are necessary for the removal of harmful substances that contaminate PPE, such as self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), during exposure to a fire scene. Our research can be used as a basis for improving fire policies and education programs in the future.