UNASSIGNED: One-third of the global population is predicted to be diagnosed with hypertension (HTN) in 2025, with the percentage highest among older people. Without proper self-care management, uncontrolled HTN causes negative health consequences and decreases the quality of life. The previous scoping review identified various challenges that older adults may face in dealing with HTN and that effective approaches should consider each individual\'s circumstances and attributes. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and sustainable impact of an Indonesian adaptation of an 8-week nurse health coaching intervention on self-care management and self-efficacy among older people with HTN.
UNASSIGNED: The coaching sessions will last for 30 min weekly for 8 weeks. The data will be measured at three points: baseline (initial), 1 week after the eighth health coaching session, and 3 months after concluding the intervention.
UNASSIGNED: This study will be the first health coaching intervention research based on motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy approach with Indonesian background adjustment. The study result will help develop a guideline for nurses and other health workers providing health coaching for older people in Indonesia and other countries with similar characteristics in terms of sociodemographics or lifestyle.
UNASSIGNED: thaiclinicaltrials.org Identifier: TCTR20230410001 (Date of registration: April 9, 2023).

UNASSIGNED: Self-care practices such as lifestyle modifications in diet, exercise, and stress management are effective in reducing the incidence of and enhancing better management of hypertension. However, little is known about the self-care management practices of people with hypertension in Southeast Asia (SEA) countries where the prevalence of hypertension is sharply increasing.
UNASSIGNED: A scoping review of research and grey literature (2006-2021) was performed using Scoping Review Frameworks by Arkey and O\'Malley. For the research literature, ten databases were searched followed by a manual search of the reference lists of relevant topical papers. Criteria for inclusion included both qualitative and quantitative primary data studies, focused on adult (18 years and over) hypertensive patients, self-care management methods, conducted in SEA. The study protocol has been registered at Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/s4nvk/).
UNASSIGNED: Out of 1667 studies examined, there were 57 studies that met criteria and were included in this review. Results indicate a paucity of relevant literature. Moreover, most studies reviewed showed an incident rate of 50% or more incidence of behavioural risk factors in people diagnosed with hypertension, including overweight/obesity, poor physical exercise, poor/low-quality dietary intake, and not adhering to medication. Few studies indicated adequate traditional self-care practice among SEA hypertension populations. Use of a non-prescription herbal as the medication is identified in some studies. Several reviewed articles indicated that there is individual variation in the facilitators and barriers to implementing self-care practices and we put it into a working framework. The facilitators and barriers are relevant to personal choice (internal factors) or to the environment or context (external factors).
UNASSIGNED: Enhancing self-care management of hypertension in SEA may require a multi-focused approach including targeting personal choice as well as external factors such as cultural relevance, environment, and resources.