背景:孕妇的自我药疗实践是全球关注的问题。然而,由于缺乏全面的研究,它在印度背景下的理解是有限的。
目的:本研究旨在全面评估自我药疗的患病率,用于自我药物治疗的药物,与自我药物治疗相关的疾病/病症,以及印度孕妇自我药物治疗的原因。
方法:本研究遵循系统评价和荟萃分析(PRISMA)首选报告项目中概述的指南进行。在PubMed进行了彻底的搜索,Embase,和谷歌学者找到直到2023年5月发表的文章。纳入标准包括报告印度孕妇自我药疗患病率的观察性研究。数据是用标准化的表格提取的,应用随机效应模型,利用R软件确定自我药疗的总体患病率.采用I2统计量评估研究之间的异质性。
结果:本研究分析了8项研究,总样本量为2208名孕妇。印度孕妇自我药疗的合并患病率为19.3%(95%CI:7.5%-41.3%;I2=99%;p<0.01)。常见的自我治疗条件是寒冷,咳嗽,发烧,头痛,和胃部疾病。退烧药,镇痛药,抗组胺药,抗酸剂经常用于自我药物治疗。轻微疾病的感觉,立即缓解,便利性,节省时间,和家人的建议,朋友,或者媒体都是自我药物治疗的原因。当地药房是最常见的获取药物的来源,药剂师,家庭,朋友,过去的处方是医学信息的常见来源。
结论:印度从事自我药疗的孕妇人数很少,但数量很大。需要规划适当的战略,以减少自我药疗做法,以实现印度孕产妇健康的可持续发展目标。
BACKGROUND: Self-medication practice among pregnant women is a global concern. However, its understanding in the Indian context is limited due to a lack of comprehensive studies.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to comprehensively assess the prevalence of self-medication, the medications used for self-medication, diseases/conditions associated with self-medication, and the reasons for self-medication among Indian pregnant women.
METHODS: This study was carried out following the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A thorough search was done in PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar to find articles that were published up until May 2023. Inclusion criteria comprised observational studies reporting self-medication prevalence among pregnant women in India. Data were extracted using a standardized sheet, and a random-effects model was applied to determine the overall prevalence of self-medication using R software. The I2 statistic was employed to assess the heterogeneity among the studies.
RESULTS: This study analyzed eight studies with a collective sample size of 2208 pregnant women. The pooled prevalence of self-medication among pregnant Indian women was 19.3% (95% CI: 7.5%-41.3%; I2 = 99%; p < 0.01). Common self-treated conditions were cold, cough, fever, headache, and stomach disorders. Antipyretics, analgesics, antihistamines, and antacids were frequently used for self-medication. The perception of mild ailment, immediate alleviation, convenience, time savings, and advice from family, friends, or the media were all reasons for self-medication. Local pharmacies were the most usual source for obtaining drugs, and pharmacists, family, friends, and past prescriptions were common sources of medicine information.
CONCLUSIONS: A low yet substantial number of pregnant women in India are engaged in self-medication practices. Appropriate strategies need to be planned to reduce self-medication practices to attain sustainable developmental goals for maternal health in India.