目标:在未通知医疗系统(未出现)的情况下错过筛查乳房X线照片(SM)预约的患者可能会延迟护理。我们调查了在社区卫生中心没有出现SM的患者的社会人口统计学特征,以及是否以及何时完成错过的考试。
方法:我们纳入了2021年1月1日至2021年12月31日期间在社区卫生中心进行SM预约的患者。语言,种族,种族,保险类型,住宅邮政编码制表区(ZCTA)贫困,任命结果(未出现,当天取消,已完成),并收集了随访时间≥1年的未预约完成SM的日期。多变量分析用于评估患者特征与预约结果之间的关联。
结果:在6,159名患者中,12.1%(743/6159)没有出现。在语言上,没有出现的小组与完成的小组不同,种族和民族,保险类型,和贫困水平(所有P<0.05)。没有出现的患者更经常有:英语以外的主要语言(32%[238/743]对26.7%[1,265/4,741]),非西班牙裔白人以外的种族和种族(42.3%[314/743]对33.6%[1,595/4,742]),医疗补助/经济状况调查保险(62.0%[461/743]对34.4%[1629/4742]),和更高的贫困ZCTA(19.5%[145/743]对14.1%[670/4,742])。未出现的独立预测因素是:黑人/非西班牙裔种族和种族(aOR,1.52;95%CI,1.12-2.07;P=0.007),医疗补助/经济状况调查保险(AOR,2.75;95%CI,2.29-3.30;P<.001),和更高的贫困ZCTAs(AOR,1.76;95%CI,1.14-2.72;P=.011)。在一年的随访中,40.7%(302/743)未显示的患者未完成SM。
结论:SM未出现是一个健康公平问题,社会经济上处于不利地位的种族和少数族裔患者更有可能出现错过预约和持续延误完成SM。
OBJECTIVE: Patients who miss screening mammogram appointments without notifying the health care system (no-show) risk care delays. We investigate sociodemographic characteristics of patients who experience screening mammogram no-shows at a community health center and whether and when the missed examinations are completed.
METHODS: We included patients with screening mammogram appointments at a community health center between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021. Language, race, ethnicity, insurance type, residential ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA) poverty, appointment outcome (no-show, same-day cancelation, completed), and dates of completed screening mammograms after no-show appointments with ≥1-year follow-up were collected. Multivariable analyses were used to assess associations between patient characteristics and appointment outcomes.
RESULTS: Of 6,159 patients, 12.1% (743 of 6,159) experienced no-shows. The no-show group differed from the completed group by language, race and ethnicity, insurance type, and poverty level (all P < .05). Patients with no-shows more often had: primary language other than English (32.0% [238 of 743] versus 26.7% [1,265 of 4,741]), race and ethnicity other than White non-Hispanic (42.3% [314 of 743] versus 33.6% [1,595 of 4,742]), Medicaid or means-tested insurance (62.0% [461 of 743] versus 34.4% [1,629 of 4,742]), and residential ZCTAs with ≥20% poverty (19.5% [145 of 743] versus 14.1% [670 of 4,742]). Independent predictors of no-shows were Black non-Hispanic race and ethnicity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-2.07; P = .007), Medicaid or other means-tested insurance (aOR, 2.75; 95% CI, 2.29-3.30; P < .001), and ZCTAs with ≥20% poverty (aOR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.14-2.72; P = .011). At 1-year follow-up, 40.6% (302 of 743) of patients with no-shows had not completed screening mammogram.
CONCLUSIONS: Screening mammogram no-shows is a health equity issue in which socio-economically disadvantaged and racially and ethnically minoritized patients are more likely to experience missed appointments and continued delays in screening mammogram completion.