背景:高盐摄入已被认为是痴呆的危险因素。然而,食盐摄入与痴呆之间的因果关系尚不确定.
目的:本研究的目的是采用孟德尔随机化(MR)设计来研究盐摄入对痴呆风险的因果影响。
方法:全基因组关联研究(GWAS)暴露和结果数据(任何痴呆症,认知表现,不同类型的痴呆症,阿尔茨海默病[AD],和帕金森病)是从IEU数据库中获得的。MR估计值是通过逆方差加权模型生成的。MR-Egger,加权中位数,我们的研究中也使用了MR-PresSSO方法。敏感性分析包括科克伦Q检验,MR-Egger截获,MR-PRESSO全局测试和异常值测试,遗漏分析,和漏斗图评估。
结果:我们的MR分析提供了食物中添加高盐与痴呆症之间因果关系的证据(比值比[OR]=1.73,95%置信区间[CI]:1.21-2.49,p=.003),AD患者的痴呆(OR=2.10,95%CI:1.15-3.83,p=0.015),和未定义的痴呆(OR=2.61,95%CI:1.26-5.39,p=0.009)。添加较高的盐也与AD风险增加相关(OR=1.80,95%CI:1.12-2.87,p=0.014)和认知能力降低(β=-.133,95%CI:-.229至-.038,p=.006)。
结论:这项研究提供的证据表明,高盐摄入与发展为痴呆的风险增加有因果关系。包括AD和未定义的痴呆,强调减少盐消耗作为预防措施的潜在重要性。
BACKGROUND: High salt intake has been proposed as a risk factor for dementia. However, causal relationship between salt intake and dementia remains uncertain.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to employ a mendelian randomization (MR) design to investigate the causal impact of salt intake on the risk of dementia.
METHODS: Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of exposures and outcomes (any dementia, cognitive performance, different types of dementia, Alzheimer\'s disease [AD], and Parkinson\'s disease) were obtained from the IEU database. MR estimates were generated though inverse-variance weighted model. MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) method also used in our study. Sensitivity analyses included Cochran\'s Q test, MR-Egger intercept, MR-PRESSO global test and outlier test, leave-one-out analysis, and funnel plot assessment.
RESULTS: Our MR analysis provided evidence of a causal association between high salt added to food and dementia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-2.49, and p = .003), dementia in AD (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.15-3.83, and p = .015), and undefined dementia (OR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.26-5.39, and p = .009). Higher salt added was also associated with increased risk of AD (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.12-2.87, and p = .014) and lower cognitive performance (β = -.133, 95% CI: -.229 to -.038, and p = .006).
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence suggesting that high salt intake is causally associated with an increased risk of developing dementia, including AD and undefined dementia, highlighting the potential importance of reducing salt consumption as a preventive measure.