Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that is endemic in Saudi Arabia. It is transmitted to humans through direct contact with infected animals or by consuming unpasteurized dairy products. A 36-year-old Saudi man presented with left hip pain, fever, and a history of consuming unpasteurized milk. Sacroiliitis was documented by positive results from serological tests (ELISA) and magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment consisted of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), doxycycline, rifampicin, and IV gentamicin.

OBJECTIVE: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sensitivity and specificity seem to be less studied in enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA). We aimed to determine the ability of sacroiliac MRI to diagnose ERA patients.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study including 44 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Each patient had a sacroiliac joint MRI. We divided patients into two groups: G1 patients with ERA and G2 patients with non-ERA subtype.
RESULTS: ERA was noted in 61% of the cases. Sacroiliac joints were painful in 15 patients (34%). MRI was normal in 25 patients (57%) (G1:11 versus G2:14) and showed bone marrow edema in the sacroiliac joints in 19 patients (34%) (G1=16 versus G2=3, p=0.005). Sacroiliac joints MRI\'s sensitivity and specificity in the ERA diagnosis were 61.54% and 82.35%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 84.21% and 58.33%, respectively. Furthermore, sacroiliac joint pain in the clinical examination was able to predict sacroiliac bone edema in MRI with an odds ratio of 6.8 (95% CI 1.68-28.09; p=0.006).
CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that sacroiliac joint MRI has good specificity and positive predictive value in the diagnosis of ERA patients among JIA patients. This underlines the usefulness of sacroiliac joint MRI in the early diagnosis of ERA patients.

A 70-year-old female presented with left sided low back pain. There was no history of any co-morbidities or immunocompromised state. Skeletal cryptococcosis was confirmed bsaed on culture and histopathology, along with pulmonary involvement. After a month of oral antifungal therapy, the patient\'s symptoms resolved, but an abscess relapsed at the same site, which was treated with a combination of IV Amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine followed by oral fluconazole, with no recurrence or complaints reported in subsequent follow-up.

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Background The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) is the patient-reported outcome (PRO) that is routinely used in clinical practice to monitor and measure disease activity in axial spondyloarthropathy (axSpA). BASDAI scores greater than four are thought to indicate active disease and require better control. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most objective measure of disease activity in axSpA with its ability to pick up active inflammation both in the spine and sacroiliac joints. Previous studies have shown conflicting correlations between BASDAI and MRI, and therefore, there is the question of whether BASDAI is the best tool to monitor disease activity when it is subjective and potentially influenced by other patient factors. We, therefore, conducted a retrospective study to investigate the correlation between BASDAI and MRI in axSpA patients. Methodology Data were collected by retrospective analysis of axSpA patients attending University of Leicester (UHL) axSpA services. BASDAI scores were done within a year and closest to the time of MRI spine + sacroiliac joints were collected. The results prior to the initiation of biologic therapy were used. Data of one hundred and forty-nine patients were collected on their MRI results and BASDAI scores. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software and Pearson\'s chi-squared applied to assess the correlation between BASDAI and MRI findings. Results Out of one hundred and forty-nine patients, 61.7% had active sacroiliitis on their MRI, 57.7% had chronic sacroiliitis, 53% had active spinal inflammation, and 17.4% had other MRI findings of active disease. There was a significant correlation between active sacroiliitis and BASDAI (p=0.014), but similar results were not found with other radiological features. A significant correlation was also found with males having higher BASDAI scores compared to females (p=0.027). Conclusion This study demonstrates a statistically significant correlation between BASDAI and active sacroiliitis with those having higher scores more likely to have active disease on their MRI.

La sacroilitis es una manifestación poco común de neoplasias hematológicas. Reportamos el caso de una mujer de 40 años que presentó un cuadro de 1 mes de evolución con fiebre y sacroilitis simulando espondiloartritis, acompañado de anemia, hepatomegalia y elevación de marcadores inflamatorios. El abordaje descartó infecciones y causas inflamatorias de dolor sacroilíaco. Los hallazgos en la médula ósea llevaron al diagnóstico de leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) de células B. Hasta donde sabemos, el presente es uno de los pocos casos publicados de LLA que se manifiesta con sacroilitis. La sacroilitis como manifestación inicial de LLA puede resultar en un diagnóstico erróneo, por lo que el diagnóstico diferencial es esencial cuando se encuentran presentes características atípicas.
Sacroiliitis is an uncommon manifestation of hematological malignancies. We herein report the case of a 40-year-old female that presented with a one-month-old history of fever and sacroiliitis mimicking spondylarthritis, accompanied by anemia, hepatomegaly, and elevated inflammatory markers. Work-up ruled out infectious and inflammatory causes of sacroiliac pain. Bone marrow findings led to the diagnosis B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). To the best of our knowledge, the current study represents one of the few published cases of ALL presenting with sacroiliitis. Sacroiliitis as an onset manifestation of ALL may result in misdiagnosis, therefore, a differential diagnosis is essential when atypical features are present.

OBJECTIVE: To update the recommendations for the management of patients with Spondyloarthritis (SpA) in the Mexican population, and identify which variables could influence patient management.
METHODS: A group of 15 experts in SpA translated, analyzed and modified the recommendations of the Mexican College of Rheumatology (CMR) and the International Society for the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis (ASAS)/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) 2016 group through a systematic review of the literature by two external reviewers during the period from 2015 to 2018 using the grade of recommendation, Oxford levels of evidence, percentage of concordance (Delphi).
RESULTS: Compared to previous recommendations, there were no significant changes from the year 2015. However, we modified the five fundamental principles and reduced the number of recommendations to ten by incorporating the first item in the text and combining five recommendations into two and adding a further recommendation. We confirmed the tendency to use glucocorticoids for patients with inflammatory activity and scarce access to biologicals. We identified the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with SpA and their influence on the application of the recommendations.
CONCLUSIONS: The ten recommendations of the CMR and the analysis of the characteristics of the Mexican patients with SpA focussed on step therapy, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, in a spectrum from easily accessible to high-tech substances available to a small percentage of the population.

Osteitis condensans ilii (OCI) is a benign cause of low back pain, which is self-limiting. Though OCI is still an orthopedic mystery, mechanical stress across the joint is a significant triggering factor according to the prevailing theories. The traditional location of involvement is around the ileum, and can be misinterpreted as sacroiliac joint (SIJ) involvement. We present a case of bilateral OCI with sclerosis based on radiological finding in a 30-year-old female presenting with chronic low back pain.

Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain is an important cause of lower back problems. Multiple SIJ injection techniques have been proposed over the years to help in the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. However, the SIJ innervation is complex and variable, and truly intra-articular injections are sometimes difficult to obtain. Different sacroiliac joint injections have shown to provide pain relief in patients suffering this ailment. Various techniques for intraarticular injections, sacral branch blocks and radiofrequency ablation, both fluoroscopy guided and ultrasound guided are discussed in this paper. Less common techniques like prolotherapy, platelet rich plasma injections and botulism toxin injections are also discussed.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a systemic inflammatory disease. Its pathogenesis has not been completely understood, but the HLA-B 27 positive immune cells are thought to be involved. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents are the first line drugs and they effectively relieve the symptoms. Biological agents such as Infliximab may help in targeting the underlying inflammatory process and have been used recently. Here, we are reporting a case of AS with established classical skeletal deformities.