恶性肿瘤的常见治疗方法包括手术、化疗,放射治疗,免疫疗法,靶向治疗,等。,其中化疗起着重要作用。然而,化疗在杀死肿瘤细胞的同时带来相应的副作用,恶心和呕吐是化疗引起的最常见不良反应。它不仅影响病人的食欲,导致营养不良和电解质紊乱,但也降低了患者对治疗的依从性,这进一步加剧了疾病。因此,快速预防和治疗化疗引起的恶心和呕吐(CINV)非常重要。此外,随着医学的不断发展,越来越多的止吐药物被开发出来。目前,化疗引起的恶心和呕吐最常见的止吐剂是NK-1R拮抗剂,5-HT3R拮抗剂,还有地塞米松.令人惊讶的是,奥氮平,经常用作精神药物,已被发现是一种有效的止吐剂,与其他药物的安全性相似。然而,尽管有许多关于奥氮平止吐作用的研究,其综合应用尚不清楚。因此,本文就奥氮平的止吐作用机制和安全性进行综述,经济成本,剂量,给药时间,和药物输送方面。
Common treatment methods for malignant tumors include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, etc., among which chemotherapy plays an important role. However, chemotherapy brings corresponding side effects while killing tumor cells, and nausea and vomiting are the most common adverse reactions induced by chemotherapy. It not only affects the patient\'s appetite, resulting in malnutrition and electrolyte disturbances, but also reduces the patient\'s compliance with treatment, which further aggravates the disease. Thus, it is important to quickly prevent and cure nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy (CINV). In addition, with the continuous development of medicine, more and more antiemetic drugs have been developed. At present, the most common antiemetic agents for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting are NK-1R antagonists, 5-HT3R antagonists, and dexamethasone. Surprisingly, olanzapine, often used as a psychotropic drug, has been found to be an effective antiemetic and is similar to other regimens on the safety of medicine. However, although there are numerous studies on the antiemetic effects of olanzapine, its comprehensive application remains unclear. Therefore, this review will elaborate the antiemetic effect of olanzapine in terms of the antiemetic mechanism and the safety, economic cost, dose, administration time, and drug delivery aspects.