OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of dental rotational movements using clear aligners with different attachment configurations.
METHODS: This retrospective study analysed 212 teeth from 89 patients undergoing Invisalign treatment. Digital models were analysed after the virtual treatment plan (ST1) and after the first treatment phase (ET1) to evaluate the effective clinical rotational movement. The rotational movements of incisors, canines, and bicuspids were measured using data from the Clincheck Movements Table. ST1 and ET1 were compared to determine the actual rotational movement achieved (ST1-ET1). The presence or absence of attachments (rectangular or optimized) on teeth was analysed. The accuracy of rotational movements among attachment types was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Multiple linear regressions were conducted with accuracy as the dependent variable and tooth type, gender, and age as predictors.
RESULTS: Optimized attachments had the highest median accuracy (70%), followed by rectangular (65%), and without attachment (63%), with no significant differences (p = .5). There were no significant differences across age groups, genders, or tooth types. Baseline accuracy was 68.62% (95% CI: 56.03-81.20, p < .001). Age was a significant predictor (estimate = -0.30, 95% CI: -0.58 - -0.03, p = .032), indicating decreased accuracy with increasing age. The model\'s R2 was 0.046, with an adjusted R2 of 0.003, indicating minimal variance explained.
CONCLUSIONS: The addition of attachment configurations to clear aligners improves rotational accuracy, but not significantly. Further advancements in these configurations are needed to enhance the performance of the aligners.

OBJECTIVE: The management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) curves between 40 and 50° is controversial. Here, we investigated the prognostic significance of simple radiographic rotational parameters to identify curves of this magnitude with accelerated deterioration following skeletal maturity.
METHODS: Seventy-three patients were identified with AIS and Cobb angles of the major curve between 40 and 50° at skeletal maturity. We defined fast progressive curves as those increasing by ≥ 2° per year after skeletal maturity. From the apical vertebra of the major curve upon presentation and skeletal maturity, we determined the modified Nash-Moe index (×100), and from thoracic major curves, the Rib Index. T tests were performed to compare fast-progressive curves with those that deteriorated by < 2° per year. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to establish optimal cutoffs, sensitivity, and specificity measures for rotational parameters.
RESULTS: The average duration of follow-up post was 11.8 ± 7.3 years. Thirteen out of seventy-three patients were fast progressors. The modified Nash-Moe index was similar between groups at presentation (p = 0.477) but significantly higher in fast progressors than non-fast progressors at maturity for major thoracic curves (25.40 ± 6.60 vs. 19.20 ± 4.40, p < 0.001). Rib Index values were also higher among fast progressors at skeletal maturity (2.50 ± 0.90 vs. 1.80 ± 0.60, p = 0.026). An ROC curve for a modified Nash-Moe index of 0.235 for thoracic curves achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.76 for discriminating fast progressors. A threshold of 1.915 for Rib Index at maturity achieved an AUC of 0.72 for discriminating fast progressors. In combining both rotational parameters, an AUC of 0.81 was achieved.
CONCLUSIONS: These simple rotational parameters may be useful to predict fast progression in 40-50° AIS curves following skeletal maturity indicated for early fusion, but further validation upon larger cohorts and non-thoracic major curves is required.

During reaching, neurons in motor cortex exhibit complex, time-varying activity patterns. Though single-neuron activity correlates with movement parameters, movement correlations explain neural activity only partially. Neural responses also reflect population-level dynamics thought to generate outputs. These dynamics have previously been described as \"rotational,\" such that activity orbits in neural state space. Here, we reanalyze reaching datasets from male Rhesus macaques and find two essential features that cannot be accounted for with standard dynamics models. First, the planes in which rotations occur differ for different reaches. Second, this variation in planes reflects the overall location of activity in neural state space. Our \"location-dependent rotations\" model fits nearly all motor cortex activity during reaching, and high-quality decoding of reach kinematics reveals a quasilinear relationship with spiking. Varying rotational planes allows motor cortex to produce richer outputs than possible under previous models. Finally, our model links representational and dynamical ideas: representation is present in the state space location, which dynamics then convert into time-varying command signals.

Corn-soybean rotation is a cropping pattern to optimize crop structure and improve resource use efficiency, and nitrogen (N) fertilizer application is an indispensable tool to increase corn yields. However, the effects of N fertilizer application levels on corn yield and soil N storage under corn-soybean rotation have not been systematically studied. The experimental located in the central part of the Songnen Plain, a split-zone experimental design was used with two planting patterns of continuous corn (CC) and corn-soybean rotations (RC) in the main zone and three N application rates of 0, 180, and 360 kg hm-2 of urea in the secondary zone. The research has shown that RC treatments can enhance plant growth and increase corn yield by 4.76% to 79.92% compared to CC treatments. The amount of N fertilizer applied has a negative correlation with yield increase range, and N application above 180 kg hm-2 has a significantly lower effect on corn yield increase. Therefore, a reduction in N fertilizer application may be appropriate. RC increased soil N storage by improving soil N-transforming enzyme activity, improving soil N content and the proportion of soil organic N fractions. Additionally, it can improve plant N use efficiency by 1.4%-5.6%. Soybeans grown in corn-soybean rotations systems have the potential to replace more than 180 kg hm-2 of urea application. Corn-soybean rotation with low N inputs is an efficient and sustainable agricultural strategy.

BACKGROUND: Closing the control loop between users and their prostheses by providing artificial sensory feedback is a fundamental step toward the full restoration of lost sensory-motor functions.
METHODS: We propose a novel approach to provide artificial proprioceptive feedback about two degrees of freedom using a single array of 8 vibration motors (compact solution). The performance afforded by the novel method during an online closed-loop control task was compared to that achieved using the conventional approach, in which the same information was conveyed using two arrays of 8 and 4 vibromotors (one array per degree of freedom), respectively. The new method employed Gaussian interpolation to modulate the intensity profile across a single array of vibration motors (compact feedback) to convey wrist rotation and hand aperture by adjusting the mean and standard deviation of the Gaussian, respectively. Ten able-bodied participants and four transradial amputees performed a target achievement control test by utilizing pattern recognition with compact and conventional vibrotactile feedback to control the Hannes prosthetic hand (test conditions). A second group of ten able-bodied participants performed the same experiment in control conditions with visual and auditory feedback as well as no-feedback.
RESULTS: Conventional and compact approaches resulted in similar positioning accuracy, time and path efficiency, and total trial time. The comparison with control condition revealed that vibrational feedback was intuitive and useful, but also underlined the power of incidental feedback sources. Notably, amputee participants achieved similar performance to that of able-bodied participants.
CONCLUSIONS: The study therefore shows that the novel feedback strategy conveys useful information about prosthesis movements while reducing the number of motors without compromising performance. This is an important step toward the full integration of such an interface into a prosthesis socket for clinical use.

The route to chaos and the phase dynamics of the large scales in a rotating shallow-water model have been rigorously examined through the construction of an autonomous five-mode Galerkin truncated system employing complex variables, useful in investigating how large/meso-scales are destabilized and how their dynamics evolves and transits to chaos. This investigation revealed two distinct transitions into chaotic behaviour as the level of energy introduced into the system was incrementally increased. The initial transition manifests through a succession of bifurcations that adhere to the established Feigenbaum sequence. Conversely, the subsequent transition, which emerges at elevated levels of injected energy, is marked by a pronounced shift from quasi-periodic states to chaotic regimes. The genesis of the first chaotic state is predominantly attributed to the preeminence of inertial forces in governing nonlinear interactions. The second chaotic state, however, arises from the augmented significance of free surface elevation in the dynamical process. A novel reformulation of the system, employing phase and amplitude representations for each truncated variable, elucidated that the phase components present a temporal piece-wise locking behaviour by maintaining a constant value for a protracted interval, preceding an abrupt transition characterised by a simple rotation of ±π, even as the amplitudes display chaotic behaviour. It was observed that the duration of phase stability diminishes with an increase in injected energy, culminating in the onset of chaos within the phase components at high energy levels. This phenomenon is attributed to the nonlinear term of the equations, wherein the phase components are introduced through linear combinations of triads encompassing disparate modes. When the locking durations vary across modes, the resultant dynamics is a stochastic interplay of multiple π phase shifts, generating a stochastic dynamic within the coupled phase triads, observable even at minimal energy injections.

UNASSIGNED: To explore the use of autologous astigmatic lenticule reshaping and rotation surgery to correct high astigmatism in conjunction with excimer laser technology to correct residual refractive error.
UNASSIGNED: Six patients with high astigmatism (8 eyes, all with astigmatism from -5.50 to -11.00 diopters [D]) seeking refractive error correction were enrolled. The following methods were used to correct refractive errors that could not be corrected by a single conventional surgery: (1) cutting of a customized lens using FLEx technology, (2) lifting of the corneal flap and reshaping the autologous astigmatic lenticule in situ using an excimer laser, and (3) rotation of the autologous astigmatic lenticule by 90°. Uncorrected distance visual acuity, subjective refraction, corneal topography, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography were performed preoperatively and postoperatively.
UNASSIGNED: The efficacy and safety indices at 6 months postoperatively were 0.93 ± 0.18 and 1.06 ± 0.11, respectively, the spherical equivalent remained stable and close to emmetropia (-0.13 ± 0.70 D) from 1 to 6 months postoperatively, postoperative astigmatism was generally mildly undercorrected (-1.22 ± 0.43 D), and the difference in corneal curvatures at 2 mm from the apex of the cornea was significantly reduced compared to preoperatively (P < .05); however, the corresponding values at 1 and 3 mm showed no difference.
UNASSIGNED: Correction of high astigmatism with autologous astigmatic lenticule reshaping and rotation surgery is tissue-sparing, predictable, and significantly improves postoperative visual acuity and quality. This method is feasible and safe, with predictability requiring further study. This novel surgical approach has potential for patients with high astigmatism that cannot be corrected by conventional refractive surgery. [J Refract Surg. 2024;40(8):e554-e561.].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Ilizarov technique combined with rotational center dome-shaped osteotomy in the treatment of juvenile distal femoral valgus deformity.
METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 11 patients with valgus deformity of the distal femur who had been admitted and followed up completely from January 2016 to October 2020. There were 7 males and 4 females. The 6 patients were on the right side and 5 patients were on the left side. The age ranged from 10 to 14 years old. The center of roration of angulation(CORA) was identified at the distal femur deformity, and dome-shaped osteotomy was performed with the CORA as the midpoint. The annular external fixator was installed according to the needle threading principle of Ilizarov external fixation, and the distal femur was cut off. The valgus deformity under visual inspection of the distal femur was corrected immediately, and the external fixator was fixed and maintained. The residual deformity and shortening were corrected according to the force line and length of the lower limbs suggested by the weight-bearing full-length anteroposterior and lateral X-rays of both lower limbs.
RESULTS: All 11 patients were followed up for 13 to 25 months. The time of wearing external fixator was 12 to 17 weeks. In the last follow-up, both lower limbs were measured by the weight-bearing full-length anteroposterior and lateral X-rays, and the length of both lower limbs of 11 patients were equal, and the deformities were corrected. The score of hospital for special surgery (HSS) was used to evaluate the knee function, all of which were excellent.
CONCLUSIONS: The Ilizarov technique was applied in the treatment of distal femoral valgus deformity in adolescents using a rotating central dome-shaped osteotomy. Visual femoral valgus deformity was corrected immediately during the operation. After the operation, residual deformities and shortening were dynamically adjusted and corrected according to the force line and shortening degree of lower extremities indicated by the weight-bearing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of both lower limbs, with minimal damage and fast recovery.

BACKGROUND: Vertigo is the most common clinical complaint, misdiagnosed patients are not rare, so it is very important to exclude and identify vertigo. For vertigo caused by multiple causes, including cervical vertigo with atlantoaxial rotation fixation combined with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), tuina can correct joint misalignment. The reduction technique will return the fallen otolith to the correct position. The use of massage and reduction can improve clinical symptoms and improve quality of life and may be a simple, safe, and effective treatment strategy for this disease.
METHODS: We report on a patient with both cervical vertigo due to atlantoaxial rotational fixation and BPPV, including his imaging examination, clinical manifestations, and treatment methods.
METHODS: Cervical vertigo (atlantoaxial rotatory fixation) and BPPV.
METHODS: Tuina combined with atlantoaxial directional inverted reduction technique and reduction manipulation.
RESULTS: The patient\'s vertigo symptoms improved significantly, nystagmus disappeared, cervical occipital pain, nausea, head distension, and other symptoms disappeared, and cervical motion rotation reached 60°.
CONCLUSIONS: This study proved the effectiveness of massage combined with a reduction in the treatment of cervical vertigo and BPPV, as well as the importance of vertigo diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and provided a new treatment idea for the future diagnosis and treatment of vertigo caused by a variety of causes.

BACKGROUND: Curved varus osteotomy (CVO) is an effective femoral head-preserving surgical procedure for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) classified as type B or C1 according to the Japanese Investigation Committee (JIC) classification; it reportedly provides better postoperative outcomes than transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy (TRO). We have developed a new procedure called spherical varus rotational osteotomy (SVRO) in which osteotomy of the femur into a spherical shape is followed by varus and anterior rotation using navigation to increase indications and improve postoperative outcomes.
METHODS: Nine joints of eight patients who underwent SVRO and could be followed up for > 1 year were included in the study. Disease types determined preoperatively according to the JIC classification were type C1 for four joints and type C2 for five joints. Preoperative disease JIC classification stages were 3a for eight joints and 1 for one joint. SVRO was performed using OrthoMap® 3D Navigation software, and the following variables were measured: surgery time, intraoperative blood loss, difference between preoperative and postoperative angles of anteversion, postoperative lower limb length discrepancy, and postoperative intact area occupancy. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association Hip Disease Evaluation Questionnaire (JHEQ) was used for clinical evaluation. Visual Analog Scale and JHEQ scores were evaluated preoperatively and at the final follow-up.
RESULTS: The measurement results were as follows: surgery time, 130 min; blood loss, 200 ml; angle of varus, 20°; angle of anterior rotation, 30°; preoperative angle of anteversion, 15°; postoperative angle of anteversion, 22°; lower limb shortening, 11 mm; preoperative intact area occupancy, 0%; and postoperative intact area occupancy, 74.2%. There were no cases of progression in the postoperative stages or re-collapse.
CONCLUSIONS: SVRO allows for the repositioning of the exterior and posterior intact areas, providing a broader intact region postoperatively. This technique is particularly beneficial for young patients with ONFH and extensive necrosis and is a less invasive alternative to TRO. This procedure has been shown to be effective in achieving favorable outcomes in patients with extensive necrosis who would have otherwise required rotational osteotomy, depending on the necrosis location. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to validate these findings and establish long-term benefits.