Lymph node (LN) fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a common diagnostic procedure for lymphadenopathies. Despite the qualities and potentialities of LN-FNAC, the number of possible pathologies and the variety of clinical contexts represent a challenge and require a continuous upgrading of the procedure according to the emerging clinical requests and new technologies. This study presents an overview of the current and future impact of LN-FNAC on the care of patients with lymphadenopathy.

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UNASSIGNED: This is a prospective, block-randomized, blinded, multiple arm and parallel-group superiority clinical trial.
UNASSIGNED: Seventy-eight patients satisfying the recruitment standards, were randomly allocated into three groups as follows: Group I (n = 26) - Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) devoid of aromatherapy (AT); Group II (n = 26) - IANB with lavender AT and Group III - IANB with rose AT (n = 26) with the help of the ultrasonic aroma diffuser (with respective oils)for 20 min/2 h in operatories 1,2 and 3 respectively. For AT, 3-4 drops of lavender and rose-conditioned oils were added from a 100 ml solution containing 100 mg of these medicinal plants. The pre-operative (PRO) and access opening (AO) pain as well as the anxiety of patients were recorded using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) respectively. Data thus obtained was entered into the Excel sheet and subjected to statistical tests (analysis of variance and paired t-test). The p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
UNASSIGNED: Group I showed non-significant disparity between PRO and AO for both VAS as well as MDAS (p = 0.62, p = 0.71). However, group II (p = 0.04, p = 0.02) and group III (p = 0.03, p = 0.01) revealed significant differences between PO - AO VAS and MDAS. MDAS and VAS intergroup comparison revealed a significant difference among groups I and II (p = 0.03, p = 0.04), and groups I and III (p = 0.02, p = 0.03). However non-significant disparity was observed among groups II and III (p = 0.85, 0.34). Moreover, there was a statistically significant reduction in anxiety levels in females compared to males after rose AT (p = 0.02). Nevertheless, groups I and II did not show any gender predilection for anxiety as well as pain.
UNASSIGNED: Alleviation of dental anxiety as well as reduction in pain during AO of teeth with SIP can be achieved using Lavender and rose AT. In female patients, rose AT can be preferred over lavender AT.

BACKGROUND: Rapid On-Site Evaluation (ROSE) during bronchoscopy allows us to assess sample adequacy for diagnosis and molecular analyses in the context of precision oncology. While extemporaneous smears are typically evaluated by pathologists, their presence during bronchoscopy is not always possible. Our aim is to assess the concordance between ROSE performed by interventional pulmonologists and cytopathologists.
METHODS: We performed ROSE on 133 samples collected from 108 patients who underwent bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of suspect thoracic findings or for mediastinal lymph node staging (May 2023-October 2023). Randomly selected smears (one for each collection site) were independently evaluated for adequacy by a pulmonologist and a pathologist to assess the concordance of their evaluation.
RESULTS: Among 133 selected smears evaluated by a pulmonologist and pathologist, 100 were adequate for both, 10 were inadequate for both and 23 were discordant; hence, global concordance was 82.7%; Cohen\'s Kappa was 0.385, defining fair agreement. Concordance was similar irrespective of sample collection site (lymph nodes vs. pulmonary lesions; p = 0.999) and among samples which were considered adequate or inadequate by the pulmonologist (p = 0.608).
CONCLUSIONS: Trained pulmonologists can evaluate the appropriateness of sampling with good concordance with cytopathologists. Our work supports autonomous ROSE by pulmonologists where pathologists are not immediately available.

The limited knowledge about the inheritance of traits in roses makes the efficient development of rose varieties challenging. In order to achieve breeding goals, the inheritance of traits needs to be explored. Additionally, for the inheritance of a trait like scent, which remains a mystery, it is crucial to know the success of parental traits in transmitting them to the next generation. Understanding this allows for accurate parental selection, ensuring sustainability in meeting market demand and providing convenience to breeders. The aim of this study was to assess the success of cross-combinations between scented old garden roses and hybrid tea roses used in cut roses in transferring their existing traits, with the objective of achieving scented cut roses. The evaluated traits included recurrent blooming, flower stem length, flower diameter, petal number, scent, and bud length of both parents and progenies. The inheritance of these traits was evaluated through theoretical evaluations, including calculating heterosis and heterobeltiosis and determining narrow-sense heritability. The combinations and examined traits were assessed using a hierarchical clustering heat map. The results of this study indicated that flower stem length, flower diameter, petal number, and bud length traits had a moderate degree of narrow-sense heritability, suggesting the influence of non-additive genes on these traits. This study observed a low success rate in obtaining progenies with scent in cross combinations between cut roses and old garden roses, indicating the challenges in obtaining scented genotypes. The discrepancy between the observed phenotypic rates and the expected phenotypic and genotypic rates, according to Punnett squares, suggests that the examined traits could be controlled by polygenic genes. The progenies were observed to exhibit a greater resemblance to old garden roses than hybrid tea roses and did not meet the commercial quality standards for cut flowers. The significant negative heterosis observed in 65.12% (petal number) and 99.61% (flower diameter) of the progenies provides strong evidence of resemblance to old garden roses. Considering these findings, it is recommended to consider old garden roses as parents, taking into account their suitability for other breeding objectives.

Petal abscission affects the growth, development, and economic value of plants, but the mechanism of ethylene-ROS-induced petal abscission is not clear. Therefore, we treated roses with different treatments (MOCK, ETH, STS, and ETH + STS), and phenotypic characteristics of petal abscission, changed ratio of fresh weight, morphology of cells in AZ and the expression of RhSUC2 were analyzed. On this basis, we measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in petals and AZ cells of roses, and analyzed the expression levels of some genes related to ROS production and ROS scavenging. Ethylene promoted the petal abscission of rose through decreasing the fresh weight of the flower, promoting the stacking and stratification of AZ cells, and repressing the expression of RhSUC2. During this process, ethylene induced the ROS accumulation of AZ cells and petals mainly through increasing the expressions of some genes (RhRHS17, RhIDH1, RhIDH-III, RhERS, RhPBL32, RhFRS5, RhRAC5, RhRBOHD, RhRBOHC, and RhPLATZ9) related to ROS production and repressing those genes (RhCCR4, RhUBC30, RhSOD1, RhAPX6.1, and RhCATA) related to ROS scavenging. In summary, ROS and related regulatory factors involved in ethylene induced petal abscission in roses.

Natural plant extracts have gained significant attention in research due to their low toxicity, and potent antioxidant, and anti-aging properties. The present study investigated the phytochemical composition of a fermented rose extract (FRE), and evaluated its antioxidant, skin whitening, and anti-aging activities in vitro. The results showed that the FRE was rich in polyphenols and flavonoids. A total of 13 major compounds were identified by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), with astragalin as the primary component. In vitro, analysis of antioxidant activity showed that FRE effectively eliminated 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and 2,2\'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals and dose-dependent reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The FRE dose-dependent inhibited tyrosinase, collagenase, and hyaluronidase activity, reduced intracellular melanin synthesis, up-regulated the expression of collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) and collagen type III alpha 1 (COL3A1), and down-regulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression. Additionally, treatment with FRE significantly downregulated the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), suggesting that FRE may modulate MAPK signaling pathways for skin anti-aging.

Flowering is a vital agronomic trait that determines the economic value of most ornamental plants. The flowering time of rose (Rosa spp.) is photoperiod insensitive and is thought to be tightly controlled by light intensity, although the detailed molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we showed that rose plants flower later under low-light (LL) intensity than under high-light (HL) intensity, which is mainly related to the stability of PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs (RcPIFs) mediated by OPEN STOMATA 1-Like (RcOST1L) under different light intensity regimes. We determined that HL conditions trigger the rapid phosphorylation of RcPIFs before their degradation. A yeast two-hybrid screen identified the kinase RcOST1L as interacting with RcPIF4. Moreover, RcOST1L positively regulated rose flowering and directly phosphorylated RcPIF4 on serine 198 to promote its degradation under HL conditions. Additionally, phytochrome B (RcphyB) enhanced RcOST1L-mediated phosphorylation of RcPIF4 via interacting with the active phyB-binding motif. RcphyB was activated upon HL and recruited RcOST1L to facilitate its nuclear accumulation, in turn leading to decreased stability of RcPIF4 and flowering acceleration. Our findings illustrate how RcPIF abundance safeguards proper rose flowering under different light intensities, thus uncovering the essential role of RcOST1L in the RcphyB-RcPIF4 module in flowering.

Rose black spot disease, caused by Marssonina rosae (syn. Diplocarpon rosae), is one of the most widespread diseases of field-grown roses worldwide. Pathogens have been found to interfere with or stimulate plant immune response through the secreted effectors. However, the molecular mechanism involved in inhibition of rose immune response by M. rosae effectors remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified the effector MrSEP43, which played a pivotal role in promoting the virulence of M. rosae and enhancing rose susceptibility by reducing callose deposition, H2O2 accumulation, and the expression of defense genes in jasmonic acid signaling pathway. Through Y2H, BiFC, and LUC assays, MrSEP43 was proved to interact with the rose orphan protein RcBROG. RcBROG, which was a positive regulator of defense against M. rosae, enhanced rose resistance by increasing callose deposition, H2O2 accumulation, and expression of RcERF1 in the ethylene signaling pathway. Overall, our findings suggested that the virulence effector MrSEP43 from M. rosae specifically targeted the orphan protein RcBROG to suppress rose immune response to M. rosae. These results provided new insight into how M. rosae manipulated and successfully colonized rose leaves, and were essential for preventing the breakdown of resistance to rose black spot disease.

BACKGROUND: The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, with urgent implementation of safety protocols limiting the number of on-site personnel, essentially terminated the use of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) for computed tomography (CT)--guided lung biopsies at our institution. The diminished use of ROSE during the pandemic prompted us to reevaluate the potential value of ROSE for CT-guided lung biopsies.
METHODS: We retrospectively identified all CT-guided lung biopsies from 2017 to 2022. Associations between the use of ROSE, adequate diagnostic and ancillary testing (programmed death-ligand 1 immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing) outcomes, and other factors such as the number of passes performed and lesion size, were evaluated.
RESULTS: Nine hundred twelve CT-guided lung biopsies were performed from 2017 to 2022; 171 (19%) utilized ROSE. The use of ROSE had been steadily decreasing prior to the pandemic but was essentially eliminated with the onset of the pandemic. By univariable analysis, the employment of ROSE was more likely to be associated with an adequate final diagnosis (odds ratio = 2.14, 95% confidence interval: [1.24-3.70], P = 0.006) and successful molecular testing (odds ratio = 2.16, 95% confidence interval: [1.11-4.21], P = 0.024). However, those associations were not present in multivariable analyses that incorporated the number of passes performed or lesion size. There were no differences in diagnostic adequacy or ancillary testing yields when comparing the periods 2017-2019 and 2020-2022, despite declining use of ROSE.
CONCLUSIONS: If ROSE is not requested for CT-guided lung biopsies, proceduralists should err on the side of performing more, rather than fewer, passes, particularly for smaller lesions.