关于健康的决定通常涉及风险,不同的决策者对风险信息的解释和价值不同。此外,个人对健康特定风险的态度可能导致健康偏好和行为的变化。本研究旨在确定健康风险态度和健康偏好的异质性是否以及如何相关。
为了研究健康风险态度与偏好异质性之间的关系,我们在健康领域选择了3项离散选择实验案例研究,这些研究包括风险属性并考虑了偏好异质性.使用13项健康风险态度量表(HRAS-13)测量健康风险态度。我们通过面板潜在类分析分析了2种类型的异质性,即,健康风险态度如何与(1)随机类别分配和(2)系统偏好异质性相关。
我们的研究没有发现证据表明,通过HRAS-13衡量的健康风险态度可以区分不同类别的人。然而,我们确实发现了证据,证明HRAS-13可以区分人们对类内风险属性的偏好。这种现象在患者样品中比在一般人群样品中更明显。此外,我们发现算术和健康素养确实能区分不同阶层的人。
将健康风险态度建模为潜在偏好异质性的个体特征,有可能改善模型拟合和模型解释。然而,这项研究的结果突出了需要进一步研究健康风险态度和偏好异质性之间的关系,超越阶级成员,对健康风险态度的不同衡量,和风险的沟通。
Decisions about health often involve risk, and different decision makers interpret and value risk information differently. Furthermore, an individual\'s attitude toward health-specific risks can contribute to variation in health preferences and behavior. This study aimed to determine whether and how health-risk attitude and heterogeneity of health preferences are related.
To study the association between health-risk attitude and preference heterogeneity, we selected 3 discrete choice experiment case studies in the health domain that included risk attributes and accounted for preference heterogeneity. Health-risk attitude was measured using the 13-item Health-Risk Attitude Scale (HRAS-13). We analyzed 2 types of heterogeneity via panel latent class analyses, namely, how health-risk attitude relates to (1) stochastic class allocation and (2) systematic preference heterogeneity.
Our study did not find evidence that health-risk attitude as measured by the HRAS-13 distinguishes people between classes. Nevertheless, we did find evidence that the HRAS-13 can distinguish people\'s preferences for risk attributes within classes. This phenomenon was more pronounced in the patient samples than in the general population sample. Moreover, we found that numeracy and health literacy did distinguish people between classes.
Modeling health-risk attitude as an individual characteristic underlying preference heterogeneity has the potential to improve model fit and model interpretations. Nevertheless, the results of this study highlight the need for further research into the association between health-risk attitude and preference heterogeneity beyond class membership, a different measure of health-risk attitude, and the communication of risks.