背景:包含钌的六种铂族金属元素(PGEs),铑,钯,铂金,铱和锇在元素周期表中组合在一起。人类活动主要负责将PGE释放到环境中。这篇系统的综述集中在三个人为使用最多的PGE上,包括车载催化转化器:铂(Pt),钯(Pd),和铑(Rh)。因此,这些是环境污染的最大贡献者。当前对体内毒理学研究(哺乳动物模型)和体外细胞暴露研究的审查检查了这些准金属对哺乳动物的潜在有害影响,以及它们可能对人体健康的毒性。
方法:我们应用系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目(PRISMA)方法对2009年1月1日至2024年1月15日在四个数据库中发表的现有文献中的记录进行了全面搜索和评估。PROSPERO代码ID:CRD42024471558。根据纳入和排除标准,从文章中提取了有关PGEs健康影响的结果。在筛选合格记录后,22项研究纳入最终分析。
结果:该系统综述显示,空气中的PGE显着增加了几种人体器官中病理途径的激活和/或干扰了各种代谢途径。鉴于已知的PGE的促炎和器官变性作用,关于PGEs对中枢神经系统的影响以及与神经退行性疾病的可能相关性的研究很少。
结论:PGE相关病理的临床复杂性和慢性性质表明有针对性的研究是必要的。鉴于非传染性疾病发病率不断上升,应特别注意流行病学研究的设计和环境监测服务。
BACKGROUND: The six Platinum group metal elements (PGEs) comprising Ruthenium,
Rhodium, Palladium, Platinum, Iridium and Osmium are grouped together in the periodic table. Human activities are mostly responsible for releasing PGEs into the environment. This systematic review focused on three PGEs with the greatest anthropogenic use, including in vehicle catalytic converters: Platinum (Pt), Palladium (Pd), and
Rhodium (Rh). Consequently, these represent the greatest contributors to environmental pollution. The current review of in vivo toxicological studies (mammalian models) and in vitro cell exposure studies examined the potential harmful effects of these metalloids to mammalians, and their possible toxicity to human health.
METHODS: We applied Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology to conduct a comprehensive search and evaluation of records in the available literature published between 01/01/2009 and 01/15/2024 in four databases. PROSPERO code ID: CRD42024471558. Results concerning the health effects of PGEs were extracted from articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After screening the records for eligibility, 22 studies were included in the final analysis.
RESULTS: This systematic review revealed that airborne PGEs significantly increased the activation of pathologic pathways in several human organs and/or perturbed various metabolic pathways. In view of the known pro-inflammatory and organ-degenerative effects of PGEs, the paucity of studies on the effect of PGEs on the central nervous system and on possible correlations with neurodegenerative diseases were particularly evident.
CONCLUSIONS: The clinical complexity and chronic nature of PGE-related pathologies indicate that targeted research is essential. In light of the increasing incidence of non-communicable diseases, particular attention should be paid to the design of epidemiological studies and to environmental monitoring services.