黄麻,环保天然纤维,依赖于传统的水基微生物脱胶工艺,该工艺受到低质量纤维的生产的影响,限制了其多样化的应用。黄麻水发酵的效率取决于植物多糖发酵果胶分解微生物。了解微动微生物群落组成的相位差对于提供有关微生物群每个成员的功能的知识对于改善微动和纤维质量至关重要。黄麻的微动微生物区系分析通常以前仅使用一个微动阶段进行,依赖于培养的方法具有有限的覆盖率和准确性。这里,首先,我们通过WGS宏基因组方法分三个阶段分析了黄麻浸染水(浸染前,有氧微动,和厌氧微动阶段),并表征了可培养和不可培养的微生物群落,以及它们随氧气利用率波动的动力学。我们的分析揭示了总共25.99×104个未知蛋白质(13.75%),16.18×105个注释蛋白(86.08%),和32.68×102核糖体RNA(0.17%)在预热阶段,15.12×104个未知蛋白(8.53%),16.18×105个注释蛋白(91.25%),和38.62×102核糖体RNA(0.22%)在有氧微动阶段,在厌氧微动阶段,有22.68×102核糖体RNA和80.14×104(99.72%)的注释蛋白。分类上,我们在reting环境中鉴定了53种不同的类型,其中变形杆菌是占人口60%以上的优势类群。我们已经从古细菌中鉴定出915属,病毒,细菌,和Eukaryota在reting栖息地,厌氧或兼性厌氧果胶分解微生物在缺氧中富集,营养丰富的小生境,如气单胞菌(7%),拟杆菌(3%),梭菌属(6%),脱硫弧菌(4%),不动杆菌(4%),肠杆菌(1%),普雷沃氏菌(2%),Acidovorax(3%),芽孢杆菌(1%),伯克霍尔德菌(1%),脱氯单胞菌(2%),杆菌属(1%)和假单胞菌属(7%)。我们观察到与中间和微动前阶段相比,在最后微动阶段中30种不同KO功能水平3途径的表达增加。发现微动阶段之间的主要功能差异与营养吸收和细菌定植有关。这些发现揭示了参与纤维脱胶不同阶段的细菌群,并将有助于开发未来的特定相微生物聚生体,以改善黄麻脱胶过程。
Jute, eco-friendly natural fiber, depends on conventional water-based microbial
retting process that suffers from the production of low-quality fiber, restricting its diversified applications. The efficiency of water retting of jute depends on plant polysaccharide fermenting pectinolytic microorganisms. Understanding the phase difference in retting microbial community composition is crucial to provide knowledge on the functions of each member of microbiota for the improvement of
retting and fiber quality. The
retting microbiota profiling of jute was commonly performed previously using only one
retting phase with culture-dependent methods which has limited coverage and accuracy. Here, for the first we have analyzed jute retting water through WGS metagenome approach in three phases (pre-
retting, aerobic
retting, and anaerobic
retting phases) and characterized the microbial communities both culturable and non-culturable along with their dynamics with the fluctuation of oxygen availability. Our analysis revealed a total of 25.99 × 104 unknown proteins (13.75%), 16.18 × 105 annotated proteins (86.08%), and 32.68 × 102 ribosomal RNA (0.17%) in the pre-retting phase, 15.12 × 104 unknown proteins (8.53%), 16.18 × 105 annotated proteins (91.25%), and 38.62 × 102 ribosomal RNA (0.22%) in the aerobic retting phase, and 22.68 × 102 ribosomal RNA and 80.14 × 104 (99.72%) annotated protein in the anaerobic retting phase. Taxonomically, we identified 53 different phylotypes in the retting environment, with Proteobacteria being the dominant taxa comprising over 60% of the population. We have identified 915 genera from Archaea, Viruses, Bacteria, and Eukaryota in the retting habitat, with anaerobic or facultative anaerobic pectinolytic microflora being enriched in the anoxic, nutrient-rich retting niche, such as Aeromonas (7%), Bacteroides (3%), Clostridium (6%), Desulfovibrio (4%), Acinetobacter (4%), Enterobacter (1%), Prevotella (2%), Acidovorax (3%), Bacillus (1%), Burkholderia (1%), Dechloromonas (2%), Caulobacter (1%) and Pseudomonas (7%). We observed an increase in the expression of 30 different KO functional level 3 pathways in the final retting stage compared to the middle and pre-
retting stages. The main functional differences among the retting phases were found to be related to nutrient absorption and bacterial colonization. These findings reveal the bacterial groups that are involved in fiber retting different phases and will facilitate to develop future phase-specific microbial consortia for the improvement of jute retting process.