UNASSIGNED: The relationship between sarcopenia and frailty among middle-aged and elder adults remains unclear. This study conducted a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis to investigate the association of sarcopenia and frailty in the middle-aged and elder Chinese population.
UNASSIGNED: Our data were drawn from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Sarcopenia status was assessed according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria and categorised into: no sarcopenia, possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia, and severe sarcopenia. A 38-item deficit-accumulation frailty index was constructed to assess frailty trajectories at each visit. Generalised linear regression models were performed to analyse the cross-sectional associations between sarcopenia and frailty index. The Group-based trajectory modelling was adopted to identify potential frailty trajectories, and we then examined the associations of sarcopenia and frailty trajectories using logistic regression analysis.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 13 218 participants were enrolled in the cross-sectional analysis and 4200 individuals were included in the longitudinal study. The cross-sectional study found that possible sarcopenia (regression coefficient (β) = 0.76; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.64-0.87, P < 0.001), sarcopenia (β = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.37-0.75, P < 0.001) and severe sarcopenia (β = 1.35; 95% CI = 0.97-1.73, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with higher frailty index. The longitudinal study indicated that participants with possible sarcopenia (odds ratio (OR) = 2.46; 95% CI = 1.77-3.42, P < 0.001), sarcopenia (OR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.27-2.74, P < 0.001) and severe sarcopenia (OR = 6.57; 95% CI = 3.14-13.77, P < 0.001) had a higher risk of accelerated progression of frailty compared to those with no sarcopenia.
UNASSIGNED: Possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia, and severe sarcopenia were associated with higher levels of frailty and accelerated progression of frailty. Therefore, clinical medical professionals should pay more attention to frailty status in individuals who have possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia.

UNASSIGNED: Gain an understanding of the career transition plans of veterinarians in clinical practice.
UNASSIGNED: Veterinary members of the Veterinary Information Network (VIN) working as small animal clinicians.
UNASSIGNED: An electronic survey distributed via the VIN data collection portal.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 1,256 responses from veterinarians in clinical practice were analyzed, with 61% indicating they plan to decrease their clinical work, and 31% to stop entirely within the next 5 years. The most common reasons for these choices were to have more free time for oneself and/or family/friends (76%), to maintain good health (59%), and feeling burned out (50%). Factors that might entice them to retain their current number of clinical hours included reduced workload or shorter hours (42%), financial incentivization (38%), and improved working conditions (26%). Concerns related to retirement were common with 47% of participants in our study reported feeling concerned about the loss of professional identity, 34% reported concern about reduced social connections, and 28% reported concern as to how they would fill their time.
UNASSIGNED: The reported desire to reduce/stop one\'s clinical work within the next 5 years by 42% of veterinarians ≤44 years of age, with burnout a primary predictor, offers insights into the necessity of change at the organizational, systemic (versus individual) level. The fact that many participants reported concerns related to retirement and 32% reported that they did not have adequate retirement information suggests a need for supportive services to help ensure a successful transition.

UNASSIGNED: Disability retirement is granted to civil servants considered permanently incapable of working. Noncommunicable diseases are the main cause of permanent disability and retirement in Brazil. The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro is one of the largest universities in Brazil, and determining the profile of employees who receive disability pensions at this institution is of great relevance.
UNASSIGNED: To describe the profile of university employees who retired due to a disability between 2003 and 2017.
UNASSIGNED: This cross-sectional study was based on disability retirement records for civil servants. Demographic variables such as sex, age at retirement, and employment position were evaluated.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 630 cases were analyzed, including 334 (53%) full and 296 (47%) proportional retirements; 499 (79.2%) were aged 30 to 59 years at retirement, and 368 (51.4%) were women. The full retirement rate was higher among those with senior level positions (p < 0.001), in older age groups (p < 0.001), and in men (p = 0.012).
UNASSIGNED: Noncommunicable disease was the main cause of retirement. The mean age at permanent disability was early, regardless of sex or retirement type. Permanent disability was more common among employees in positions requiring less education. The disability rate was highest among women.
UNASSIGNED: A aposentadoria por invalidez é o benefício concedido aos servidores públicos quando considerados incapazes de forma permanente para o trabalho. As doenças não comunicáveis são a principal causa de incapacidade permanente e aposentadoria por invalidez no Brasil. A Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro é uma das maiores do Brasil, e conhecer o perfil das aposentadorias por invalidez dentro dessa instituição possui grande relevância.
UNASSIGNED: Descrever o perfil das aposentadorias por invalidez na Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro no período entre 2003 e 2017.
UNASSIGNED: Estudo seccional baseado no registro das aposentadorias por invalidez dos servidores. Foram avaliadas variáveis demográficas como sexo, idade na ocasião da aposentadoria e cargo de ingresso na universidade.
UNASSIGNED: Foram analisados 630 casos, com 334 (53%) aposentadorias integrais e 296 (47%) proporcionais. Na ocasião da aposentadoria, 499 (79,2%) servidores apresentavam idade entre 30 e 59 anos e 368 (51,4%) eram do sexo feminino. Foi observado que, nos cargos de nível superior, há maior ocorrência de aposentadorias integrais (p < 0,001 ), assim como nas faixas etárias mais elevadas (p < 0,001 ) e também no sexo masculino (p = 0,012).
UNASSIGNED: As doenças não comunicáveis foram as principais causas das aposentadorias. A média de idade da invalidez permanente foi precoce, independentemente do sexo e do tipo de aposentadoria. Servidores de cargos de menor escolaridade estiveram entre os que mais apresentaram incapacidade permanente. O sexo feminino foi o que mais apresentou invalidez.

This study explores the hypothetical elimination of Japan\'s retirement earnings test (ET) for public pensions, focusing on its implications for older workers\' labor supply and pension-claiming behaviors. The ET currently reduces public pension benefits for individuals aged 65 and older if their earnings exceed specified thresholds, potentially discouraging employment in this demographic. Notably, the Japanese ET influences both immediate and future pension benefits, thus diminishing current payouts for working pensioners and foregoing beneficial actuarial adjustments-adjustments based on actuarial calculations that would otherwise increase future benefits to account for delayed pension claims. This dual impact may discourage the labor supply and influence pension-claiming behavior among older workers. Through a survey-based experiment with male workers aged 40-59 years expected to face the ET upon retirement, we assess three reform scenarios as the first study in the literature: (1) eliminating future benefit reductions through actuarial adjustments, thereby enhancing the value of deferred pension claims; (2) removing immediate benefit suspensions to increase current pension payments directly; and (3) a comprehensive reform combining both approaches. Our findings reveal that eliminating reductions through actuarial adjustments increases the intensive margin (labor hours and income) and encourages delayed pension claims. Conversely, removing immediate benefit suspensions influences both the extensive margin (decision to work) and the intensive margin but leads to earlier pension claims. By highlighting the importance of differentiating between immediate and future benefit components in designing ET reforms, this study demonstrates their significant impact on labor supply and pension-claiming decisions.

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BACKGROUND: Retirement is a major life event and factors driving depression in the retirement transition might differ in men and women. The aim was to prospectively study depressive symptoms across the retirement transition in men and women and to test associations with emotion regulation strategies (suppression and reappraisal), adjustment difficulties, and work centrality.
METHODS: The sample included 527 individuals from the population-based Health, Aging and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study who were working at baseline and retired during one of the following four annual measurement waves. Participants contributed with a total of 2635 observations across five measurement waves. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D); total score was modelled as a function of time to and from retirement. Changes over the retirement transition were analyzed with multilevel growth curve models. Gender differences in associations with emotion regulation, adjustment difficulties and work centrality were examined by including interaction effects with sex.
RESULTS: We observed a general reduction of depressive symptoms in the early years of retirement in both men and women. Higher suppression was related to higher depression scores while higher cognitive reappraisal was related to lower levels of depressive symptoms. Women more often used cognitive reappraisal, and men more often suppression, but no significant gender interaction in associations with depressive symptoms could be shown. Retirement adjustment difficulties and greater importance of work for self-esteem were related to higher depression scores. Greater meaning of work, on the other hand, was related to lower levels of depressive symptoms, and this association was stronger in men.
CONCLUSIONS: There was a general reduction of depression scores in the early years of retirement in both women and men. Findings suggest that basing one\'s self-esteem on workplace performance was related to higher levels of depressive symptoms after retirement, while perceiving one\'s job as important and meaningful may facilitate better adjustment in terms of lower depression symptom levels, especially in men.

Objective: While there is a growing body of evidence indicating a relationship between COPD and cognitive impairment, there is a gap in evidence regarding discussions of cognitive symptoms in healthcare settings. This study investigated the extent to which individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) self-reported confusion or memory loss with healthcare professionals. Methods: A secondary analysis of 2019 BRFSS data of US adults aged 45+ with COPD (N = 107,204), using logistic regression to explore associations between socio-demographic and health-related indicators with discussion of cognitive symptoms with healthcare professionals. Results: Less than half (45.88%) of individuals reporting SCD discussed their cognitive symptoms with their healthcare provider. In the adjusted model, unemployed (AOR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.70-5.02, p < .005), retired (AOR = 3.16, 95% CI: 1.37-7.30, p < .01), and current smokers (AOR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.02-2.93, p < .05) were more likely to discuss cognitive decline with a healthcare professional than their counterparts. In contrast, males (AOR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.32-0.86, p < .05) and binge drinkers (AOR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.30-0.79, p < .01) were significantly less likely to do so when compared to their counterparts. Discussion: The study highlighted significant disparities in the likelihood of individuals with COPD discussing cognitive symptoms based on socio-demographic and health risk behaviors. Conclusion: Addressing gender disparities, occupational status, and personal health risks is crucial for improving patient-provider communication about SCD among adults with COPD.

The health and well-being of retired rugby union and league players, particularly regarding the long-term effects of concussions, are of major concern. Concussion has been identified as a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer\'s and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), in athletes engaged in contact sports. This study aimed to assess differences in specific biomarkers between UK-based retired rugby players with a history of concussion and a non-contact sports group, focusing on biomarkers associated with Alzheimer\'s, ALS, and CTE. We randomly selected a sample of male retired rugby or non-contact sport athletes (n = 56). The mean age was 41.84 ± 6.44, and the mean years since retirement from the sport was 7.76 ± 6.69 for participants with a history of substantial concussions (>5 concussions in their career) (n = 30). The mean age was 45.75 ± 11.52, and the mean years since retirement was 6.75 ± 4.64 for the healthy controls (n = 26). Serum biomarkers (t-tau, RBP-4, SAA, Nf-L, and retinol), plasma cytokines, and biomarkers associated with serum-derived exosomes (Aβ42, p-tau181, p-tau217, and p-tau231) were analyzed using validated commercial ELISA assays. The results of the selected biomarkers were compared between the two groups. Biomarkers including t-tau and p-tau181 were significantly elevated in the history of the substantial concussion group compared to the non-contact sports group (t-tau: p < 0.01; p-tau181: p < 0.05). Although between-group differences in p-tau217, p-tau231, SAA, Nf-L, retinol, and Aβ42 were not significantly different, there was a trend for higher levels of Aβ42, p-tau217, and p-tau231 in the concussed group. Interestingly, the serum-derived exosome sizes were significantly larger (p < 0.01), and serum RBP-4 levels were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in the highly concussed group. These findings indicate that retired athletes with a history of multiple concussions during their careers have altered serum measurements of exosome size, t-tau, p-tau181, and RBP-4. These biomarkers should be explored further for the prediction of future neurodegenerative outcomes, including ALS, in those with a history of concussion.

BACKGROUND: The healthcare system is currently in a state of tension due to a shortage of physicians, the early retirement of health care professionals and an increasing need for care within an (aging) society. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine physicians\' attitudes towards retirement and possible influencing factors on their motivation to work.
METHODS: Data were collected as part of a baseline survey of a long-term study. The sample includes a variety of physicians (n = 625), working in outpatient or inpatient care, who have not yet reached the retirement age of 67. The primary outcome was to survey attitudes towards retirement using the Motivation to Work scale. Work-related characteristics (e.g., with regard to contract or working hour) as well as job satisfaction, overall health, and burnout were also included in the analyses (correlations and linear regression models).
RESULTS: According to the results, sociodemographic characteristics are not significantly related to motivation to work, whereas the other parameters (satisfaction, health, and burnout) influence attitudes towards retirement significantly.
CONCLUSIONS: The results underline the need to improve the occupational conditions of physicians across different medical settings. More research is needed to understand physicians\' decision-making with regard to retirement, especially in terms of work-related characteristics and differences.

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