■我们开发了婴儿视网膜智能诊断系统(IRIDS),一个自动化系统,帮助早期诊断和监测婴儿眼底疾病和健康状况,以满足眼科医生的迫切需求。
■我们通过结合卷积神经网络和变压器结构开发了IRIDS,使用来自四家医院的7697张视网膜图像(1089名婴儿)的数据集。它确定了九种眼底疾病和病症,即,早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)(轻度ROP,适度ROP,和严重的ROP),视网膜母细胞瘤(RB),视网膜色素变性(RP),Coats病,脉络膜的结肠瘤,先天性视网膜皱褶(CRF),和正常。IRIDS还包括深度注意模块,ResNet-18(Res-18),和多轴视觉变压器(MaxViT)。使用450张视网膜图像将性能与眼科医生进行比较。IRIDS采用五重交叉验证方法来生成分类结果。
■几个基准模型实现了以下指标:准确性,精度,召回,F1分数(F1),kappa,和接收器工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)的最佳值为94.62%(95%CI,94.34%-94.90%),94.07%(95%CI,93.32%-94.82%),90.56%(95%CI,88.64%-92.48%),92.34%(95%CI,91.87%-92.81%),91.15%(95%CI,90.37%-91.93%),和99.08%(95%CI,99.07%-99.09%),分别。相比之下,与眼科医生相比,IRIDS显示出有希望的结果,证明了平均准确性,精度,召回,F1,卡帕,AUC为96.45%(95%CI,96.37%-96.53%),95.86%(95%CI,94.56%-97.16%),94.37%(95%CI,93.95%-94.79%),95.03%(95%CI,94.45%-95.61%),94.43%(95%CI,93.96%-94.90%),和99.51%(95%CI,99.51%-99.51%),分别,在测试数据集上的多标签分类中,利用Res-18和MaxViT模型。这些结果表明,特别是在AUC方面,IRIDS取得的性能值得进一步研究以检测视网膜异常。
■IRIDS准确识别了九种婴儿眼底疾病和病症。它可以帮助非眼科医生在婴儿眼底疾病筛查服务不足的地区。因此,预防严重并发症。IRIDS是人工智能集成到眼科中的一个例子,可以在预测方面取得更好的结果,预防性,和个性化医学(PPPM/3PM)治疗小儿眼底疾病。
■在线版本包含补充材料,可在10.1007/s13167-024-00350-y获得。
UNASSIGNED: We developed an Infant Retinal Intelligent Diagnosis System (IRIDS), an automated system to aid early diagnosis and monitoring of infantile fundus diseases and health conditions to satisfy urgent needs of ophthalmologists.
UNASSIGNED: We developed IRIDS by combining convolutional neural networks and transformer structures, using a dataset of 7697 retinal images (1089 infants) from four hospitals. It identifies nine fundus diseases and conditions, namely, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (mild ROP, moderate ROP, and severe ROP), retinoblastoma (RB), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), Coats disease, coloboma of the choroid, congenital retinal fold (CRF), and normal. IRIDS also includes depth attention modules, ResNet-18 (Res-18), and Multi-Axis Vision Transformer (MaxViT). Performance was compared to that of ophthalmologists using 450 retinal images. The IRIDS employed a five-fold cross-validation approach to generate the classification results.
UNASSIGNED: Several baseline models achieved the following metrics: accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score (F1), kappa, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) with best values of 94.62% (95% CI, 94.34%-94.90%), 94.07% (95% CI, 93.32%-94.82%), 90.56% (95% CI, 88.64%-92.48%), 92.34% (95% CI, 91.87%-92.81%), 91.15% (95% CI, 90.37%-91.93%), and 99.08% (95% CI, 99.07%-99.09%), respectively. In comparison, IRIDS showed promising results compared to ophthalmologists, demonstrating an average accuracy, precision, recall, F1, kappa, and AUC of 96.45% (95% CI, 96.37%-96.53%), 95.86% (95% CI, 94.56%-97.16%), 94.37% (95% CI, 93.95%-94.79%), 95.03% (95% CI, 94.45%-95.61%), 94.43% (95% CI, 93.96%-94.90%), and 99.51% (95% CI, 99.51%-99.51%), respectively, in multi-label classification on the test dataset, utilizing the Res-18 and MaxViT models. These results suggest that, particularly in terms of AUC, IRIDS achieved performance that warrants further investigation for the detection of retinal abnormalities.
UNASSIGNED: IRIDS identifies nine infantile fundus diseases and conditions accurately. It may aid non-ophthalmologist personnel in underserved areas in infantile fundus disease screening. Thus, preventing severe complications. The IRIDS serves as an example of artificial intelligence integration into ophthalmology to achieve better outcomes in predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM / 3PM) in the treatment of infantile fundus diseases.
UNASSIGNED: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13167-024-00350-y.