作为全球变化的一部分,气候变暖和传粉媒介的减少预计会影响植物物候和植物-传粉媒介的相互作用。本文旨在描述野生三色兰(Violaarvensis)在过去二十年中生活史特征和花卉特征的快速演变,农业系统中常见的杂草。
我们使用了复活生态学方法,该方法于1991年和2012年从勃艮第(法国)的一个种群中采样了基因型。该物种具有混合交配系统(以下简称:混合自鼠),并呈现花卉多态性。为了纠正产妇的影响,我们在一个普通的花园中测量了第二代的植物性状(经过令人耳目一新的一代),以表征这二十年中植物的进化。此外,1991年和2012年的历史种群自交率由微卫星标记通过杂合子缺乏和身份不平衡推断.
表型数据显示开花日期有了显著的进步,花的大小减少,植物通过自主自交播种的倾向更高。此外,我们检测到颜色变形频率随着苍白变形频率的增加而变化。根据表型数据,中性遗传数据显示,历史自交率从1991年的0.68上升至2012年的0.86.
合照,这些数据表明野生三色堇,一个混合的自恋者,正在演变为自交综合征,这可能是农业系统中传粉者活动减少的结果。
As part of global change, climate warming and pollinator decline are expected to affect plant phenology and plant-pollinator interactions. This paper aims at characterizing rapid evolution of life history traits and floral traits over two decades in the wild pansy (Viola arvensis), a common weed in agrosystems.
We used a resurrection ecology approach with genotypes sampled in 1991 and 2012 from a population in Burgundy (France). The species has a mixed mating system (hereafter: mixed selfer) and presents a floral polymorphism. To correct for maternal effects, we measured plant traits in the second generation in a common garden (after a refreshing generation) to characterize plant evolution during the two decades. In addition, historical population selfing rates in 1991 and 2012 were inferred from microsatellites markers through heterozygote deficiency and identity disequilibrium.
Phenotypic data revealed a significant advance in flowering date, reduced flower sizes and a higher propensity of plants to set seed by autonomous selfing. Moreover, we detected a change in color morph frequency with an increase of the pale morph frequency. In accordance with phenotypic data, the neutral genetic data revealed an increase in historical selfing rates from 0.68 in 1991 to 0.86 in 2012.
Taken together, such data suggest that the wild pansy, a mixed selfer, is evolving a selfing syndrome that may be the consequence of reduced pollinator activity in agrosystems.