■在大数据时代,公司将健康数据商品化,不可替代令牌(NFT)为患者赋权和控制提供了一条变革性途径。NFT是区块链上独特的数字资产,代表数字对象的所有权,包括健康数据。通过将他们的数据作为NFT,患者可以跟踪访问,将其使用货币化,建立安全的,私人卫生信息系统。然而,关于医疗保健中的NFT的研究处于起步阶段,有必要进行全面审查。
■本研究对医疗保健中的NFT进行了系统的文献回顾和主题分析,以确定用例,设计模型,和关键挑战。五个多学科研究数据库(Scopus,WebofScience,谷歌学者,IEEE探索,ElsevierScienceDirect)进行了搜索。该方法包括四个阶段:论文收集,纳入/排除标准应用,筛选,全文阅读,和质量评估。采用了分类和编码框架。主题分析遵循六个步骤:数据熟悉,初始代码生成,主题搜索,主题回顾,主题定义/命名,报告生产。
■对19篇论文的分析揭示了三个主要用例:以患者为中心的数据管理,数据来源的供应链管理,数字孪生发展。值得注意的是,大多数解决方案是原型或框架,没有真实世界的实现。出现了四个总体主题:数据治理(所有权,跟踪,隐私),数据货币化(商业化、激励,共享),数据保护,和数据存储。重点在于用户控制,私人,和安全的健康数据解决方案。此外,探索数据商品化,提出了激励数据维护和共享的机制。NFT还被建议用于跟踪供应链中的医疗产品,确保数据的完整性和来源。以太坊和类似平台主导NFT铸币,同时正在探索紧凑的NFT存储选项以实现更快的数据访问。
■NFT为安全、可追溯,分散的医疗保健数据交换系统。然而,挑战存在,包括对区块链的依赖,互操作性问题,以及相关成本。审查确定了研究差距,例如开发双重所有权模型和数据定价策略。为互操作性和采用建立开放标准至关重要。可扩展性,安全,NFT支持的医疗保健应用程序的隐私需要进一步调查。因此,这项研究提出了在医疗保健中采用NFT的研究议程,专注于治理,存储模型,和感知。
UNASSIGNED: In the big data era, where corporations commodify health data, non-fungible tokens (NFTs) present a transformative avenue for patient empowerment and control. NFTs are unique digital assets on the blockchain, representing ownership of digital objects, including health data. By minting their data as NFTs, patients can track access, monetize its use, and build secure, private health information systems. However, research on NFTs in healthcare is in its infancy, warranting a comprehensive review.
UNASSIGNED: This study conducted a systematic literature review and thematic analysis of NFTs in healthcare to identify use cases, design models, and key challenges. Five multidisciplinary research databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, IEEE Explore, Elsevier Science Direct) were searched. The approach involved four stages: paper collection, inclusion/exclusion criteria application, screening, full-text reading, and quality assessment. A classification and coding framework was employed. Thematic analysis followed six steps: data familiarization, initial code generation, theme searching, theme review, theme definition/naming, and report production.
UNASSIGNED: Analysis of 19 selected papers revealed three primary use cases: patient-centric data management, supply chain management for data provenance, and digital twin development. Notably, most solutions were prototypes or frameworks without real-world implementations. Four overarching themes emerged: data governance (ownership, tracking, privacy), data monetization (commercialization, incentivization, sharing), data protection, and data storage. The focus lies on user-controlled, private, and secure health data solutions. Additionally, data commodification is explored, with mechanisms proposed to incentivize data maintenance and sharing. NFTs are also suggested for tracking medical products in supply chains, ensuring data integrity and provenance. Ethereum and similar platforms dominate NFT minting, while compact NFT storage options are being explored for faster data access.
UNASSIGNED: NFTs offer significant potential for secure, traceable, decentralized healthcare data exchange systems. However, challenges exist, including dependence on blockchain, interoperability issues, and associated costs. The review identified research gaps, such as developing dual ownership models and data pricing strategies. Building an open standard for interoperability and adoption is crucial. The scalability, security, and privacy of NFT-backed healthcare applications require further investigation. Thus, this study proposes a research agenda for adopting NFTs in healthcare, focusing on governance, storage models, and perceptions.