■人群归因风险(PAR)是一种常用于量化癌症可预防性的统计数据。我们在这里报告了英国(UK)及其组成国家的最新危险因素可归因于结直肠癌(CRC)和乳腺癌(BC)的PAR估计,重点是饮食和营养相关因素和烟草(CRC)使用代表性的国家调查。
■PAR是使用已建立的,世界癌症研究基金会/美国癌症研究所(WCRF/AICR)的可改变的风险因素:身体活动,体重指数(BMI),酒精饮料,红肉,加工肉,膳食纤维,膳食钙,以及CRC的吸烟,和身体活动,BMI,酒精饮料,以及BC的水果和蔬菜消费。CRC和BC的国家患病率估计和相对风险(RR)来自meta分析或大型汇总分析。
■基于八个饮食和生活方式风险因素,对男性和女性的儿童权利归因病例的估计,分别,如下:英格兰:67%和60%;苏格兰:68%和59%,威尔士:66%和61%;北爱尔兰:67%和61%;英国:67%和60%。不包括吸烟,英国的PAR为男性61%,女性52%。基于四个饮食和生活方式风险因素,不列颠哥伦比亚省的估计如下:英格兰:26%,苏格兰:27%;威尔士:25%;北爱尔兰:26%;英国:27%。
■在英国,高达67%的CRC和27%的BC归因于可改变的饮食和生活方式因素。由于暴露于危险因素的患病率不同,各国之间的PAR存在中等差异。
一些生活方式因素,比如吸烟,重酒精,缺乏身体活动,体重过重,不良的饮食会导致癌症。通过改变这些行为来估计未来可预防的癌症负担至关重要。人群归因风险已在文献中广泛用于量化可预防的癌症负担。基于一些饮食和生活方式的风险因素,我们在此报告了英国(UK)癌症可预防性评估及其组成国家对危险因素归因的结直肠癌和乳腺癌的数量.
UNASSIGNED: The population attributable risk (PAR) is a statistic commonly used for quantifying preventability of cancer. We report here PAR estimates for the United Kingdom (UK) along with its constituent countries for up-to-date risk factor-attributable colorectal cancer (CRC) and breast cancer (BC), focusing on diet and nutrition related factors and tobacco (CRC) using representative national surveys.
UNASSIGNED: The PAR was calculated using established, modifiable risk factors by the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR): physical activity, body mass index (BMI), alcoholic drinks, red meat, processed meat, dietary fiber, dietary calcium, as well as cigarette smoking for CRC, and physical activity, BMI, alcoholic drinks, and fruits and vegetable consumption for BC. National prevalence estimates and relative risks (RRs) for CRC and BC were obtained from meta-analyses or large pooled analyses.
UNASSIGNED: Based on eight dietary and lifestyle risk factors, the estimates for attributable cases of CRC for males and females, respectively, were as follows: England: 67% and 60%; Scotland: 68% and 59%, Wales: 66% and 61%; Northern Ireland: 67% and 61%; and UK: 67% and 60%. Excluding smoking, the PAR for the UK was 61% for men and 52% for women. Based on four dietary and lifestyle risk factors, the estimates for BC were as follows: England: 26%, Scotland: 27%; Wales: 25%; Northern Ireland: 26%; and UK: 27%.
UNASSIGNED: Up to 67% for CRC and 27% of BC were attributable to modifiable dietary and lifestyle factors in the UK. Moderate differences in PAR are observed between countries due to different prevalence of exposure to risk factors.
A number of lifestyle factors, such as smoking tobacco, heavy alcohol, physical inactivity, excess body weight, and poor diet can cause cancer. Estimating the future preventable burden of cancers through modifications to these behaviors is critical. Population attributable risk has been extensively used in the literature for quantifying the preventable burden of cancer. Based on some dietary and lifestyle risk factors, we report here United Kingdom (UK) cancer preventability estimates along with its constituent countries on the number of risk factor-attributable colorectal cancer and breast cancer.