一些寡糖在人和动物中诱导抗炎细菌物种的生长并诱导调节性免疫。我们已经表明,马肠道微生物群和免疫微生物稳态在生命的前50天内基本稳定。此外,我们先前已经确定马肠道中的某些细菌物种与调节免疫相关。因此,我们假设在最初的50天内饲喂小马驹的富含低聚糖的饮食会增加与调节免疫相关的细菌种类的丰度,这会影响小马驹的免疫反应。从预期分娩前4周到产后49天,给八只怀孕的母马及其小马驹喂食富含寡糖的饮食。六匹母马和小马驹作为对照。使用16SrRNA基因扩增子高通量测序表征来自母马和小马驹的粪便微生物群。在第49天,测试马驹的Akkermansia属物种的丰度明显更高。在第7、28和49天从测试组中的小马驹中采样的血液显示IgA没有显着增加,并且在第49天IgG减少。在BALB/cBomTac小鼠中,接种了来自测试和对照马驹的肠道微生物群,我们发现物种丰富度增加,在马中被鉴定为潜在抗炎的几种物种的相对丰度增加,是未分类的梭菌,Ruminocycaceae,Ruminococus,Oscilospira,和球菌。我们还发现,如果接种测试马驹微生物群,回肠中的il10表达会增加。我们得出的结论是,在机会之窗喂养小马驹的寡糖饮食,\"生命的前50天,增加微生物群中抗炎物种的丰度,对调节免疫具有潜在的抗炎作用。
Some oligosaccharides induce growth of anti-inflammatory bacterial species and induce regulatory immunity in humans as well as animals. We have shown that the equine gut microbiota and the immune-microbial homeostasis largely stabilize within the first 50 days of life. Furthermore, we have previously established that certain bacterial species in the equine gut correlated with regulatory immunity. Accordingly, we hypothesized that an oligosaccharide rich diet fed to foals during the first 50 days would increase the abundance of bacterial species associated with regulatory immunity, and that this would influence immune responses in the foals. Eight pregnant mares and their foals were fed an oligosaccharide rich diet from 4 weeks before expected parturition until 49 days post-partum. Six mares and foals served as control. Fecal microbiota from mares and foals was characterized using 16S rRNA gene amplicon high throughput sequencing. On Day 49 the test foals had significantly higher abundances of Akkermansia spp. Blood sampled from the foals in the test group on Day 7, 28, and 49 showed non-significant increases in IgA, and decreases in IgG on Day 49. In BALB/cBomTac mice inoculated with gut microbiota from test and control foals we found increased species richness, increased relative abundance of several species identified as potentially anti-inflammatory in horses, which were unclassified Clostridiales, Ruminococcaceae, Ruminococcus, Oscilospira, and Coprococcus. We also found increased il10 expression in the ileum if inoculated with test foal microbiota. We conclude that an oligosaccharide diet fed to foals in the \"window of opportunity,\" the first 50 days of life, increases the abundance of anti-inflammatory species in the microbiota with potentially anti-inflammatory effects on regulatory immunity.