目的:该项目的目标是提高我们对慢性监管焦点结构的理解,并为研究人员提供一种充分评估结构的措施,可以有效区分结构范围内的个体差异,适用于不同的人群。
方法:在构造验证中采用最佳实践,我们制定了国际人格项目池监管焦点量表(IPIP-RFS)。利用14个样本(N=4867),我们建立了实质性的(通过专家评级和监管重点文献),结构(通过因子分析,项目反应理论,和测量不变性),和外部(通过收敛,判别式,和预测性关联)有效性。
结果:IPIP-RFS充分评估了长期推广重点和预防重点的结构,可以准确地评估构建过程中的个体,适合在不同性别的人群中使用,种族,和年龄。晋升重点的个体差异反映了与认知和行为探索以及灵活性相关的自我调节和目标追求(即可塑性),而预防重点的个体差异反映了与动机和人际关系稳定相关的自我调节和目标追求(即,稳定性)。
结论:促进和预防重点是人格的重要因素,对健康和其他重要领域的功能和结果具有广泛的影响。
OBJECTIVE: The goals of this project were to improve our understanding of chronic regulatory focus constructs and to provide researchers with a measure that adequately assesses the constructs, can distinguish individual differences effectively across the range of the constructs, and is appropriate for use in diverse populations.
METHODS: Employing best practices in construct validation, we developed the International Personality Item Pool Regulatory Focus Scale (IPIP-RFS). Utilizing 14 samples (N = 4867), we established substantive (via expert ratings and regulatory focus literature), structural (via factor analysis, item response theory, and measurement invariance), and external (via convergent, discriminant, and predictive associations) validity.
RESULTS: The IPIP-RFS adequately assesses the constructs of chronic promotion focus and prevention focus, can accurately assess individuals along the continua of the constructs, and is suitable for use among populations that vary in gender, race, and age. Individual differences in promotion focus reflect self-regulation and goal pursuit related to cognitive and behavioral exploration and flexibility (i.e., plasticity), whereas individual differences in prevention focus reflect self-regulation and goal pursuit related to motivational and interpersonal steadiness (i.e., stability).
CONCLUSIONS: Promotion and prevention focus are important elements of personality with broad implications for functioning and outcomes in health and other important domains.