背景:高血压影响美国三分之一的成年人,是导致死亡的主要危险因素。在急诊科(ED)中,服务不足的人群不成比例,并且血压(BP)控制较差。对于成年人来说,缺乏高血压知识是高血压控制的常见障碍,虽然社会支持是一个强有力的促进者,在这方面,提供文化敏感和相关的信息尤为重要。当被赋予向他人提供健康教育和护理导航的责任时,青年会增加信心。因此,我们计划了一项随机对照试验(RCT),以数字青年为主导的高血压教育干预对ED合并高血压的成年患者的有效性。重点关注血压和高血压知识的变化。
目的:在准备RCT时,我们进行了一项形成性研究,以确定向患有高血压的成人提供高血压信息的可接受且易于理解的方式,以及让年轻人参与支持成人如何更好地控制高血压的最佳方式.
方法:在创建具有6个每周自我指导的高血压在线模块的干预原型后,我们招募了12名青年(青少年,15-18岁),针对3个焦点小组和10名患有高血压的成年ED患者进行个人在线访谈,以获得对原型的反馈。完成简短的问卷后,参与者被问及高血压的经历,对高血压教育干预的偏好,和可接受性,可行性,障碍,以及对青年和成人实施干预措施的解决方案。主持人描述并向参与者展示了原型干预过程和材料,并要求反馈。问卷数据进行了描述性总结,3名研究小组成员采用模板组织方式对定性数据进行分析。
结果:参与者对干预原型表现出极大的兴趣,认为他们的同龄人会觉得可以接受,并感谢年轻人的参与。有家庭成员患有高血压的年轻人报告说,他们的家庭成员需要更多的高血压支持。年轻人建议在干预中增加更多的营养教育活动,如钠跟踪器和高钠食物的例子。成年人讨论了对自己进行高血压支持干预的必要性以及对年轻人的预期益处。他们提到了大量可用的高血压信息,并赞赏干预措施的简洁内容介绍。他们建议增加更多的心理健康和戒烟资源,关于特定高血压药物的信息,并为医疗保健信息添加活动链接。
结论:根据焦点小组和对参与者的访谈,青少年主导的数字高血压干预是一个可接受的策略,可以让成人高血压患者和青少年都参与进来.将参与者的建议纳入干预措施可以提高其清晰度,订婚,以及在随后的RCT中使用时的影响。
BACKGROUND: Hypertension affects one-third of adults in the United States and is the leading risk factor for death. Underserved populations are seen disproportionately in the emergency department (ED) and tend to have worse blood pressure (BP) control. For adults, a lack of hypertension knowledge is a common barrier to hypertension control, while social support is a strong facilitator, and providing information that is culturally sensitive and relevant is especially important in this context. The youth experience increased confidence when given the responsibility to provide health education and care navigation to others. As such, we planned a randomized controlled trial (RCT) for the effectiveness of a digital youth-led hypertension education intervention for adult patients in the ED with hypertension, focusing on change in BP and hypertension knowledge.
OBJECTIVE: In preparation for an RCT, we conducted a formative study to determine acceptable and easily comprehensible ways to present hypertension information to adults with hypertension and optimal ways to engage youth to support adults on how to achieve better hypertension control.
METHODS: After creating an intervention prototype with 6 weekly self-guided hypertension online modules, we recruited 12 youth (adolescents, aged 15-18 years) for 3 focus groups and 10 adult ED patients with hypertension for individual online interviews to garner feedback on the prototype. After completing a brief questionnaire, participants were asked about experiences with hypertension, preferences for a hypertension education intervention, and acceptability, feasibility, obstacles, and solutions for intervention implementation with youth and adults. The moderator described and showed participants the prototyped intervention process and materials and asked for feedback. Questionnaire data were descriptively summarized, and qualitative data were analyzed using the template organizing style of analysis by 3 study team members.
RESULTS: Participants showed great interest in the intervention prototype, thought their peers would find it acceptable, and appreciated its involvement of youth. Youth with family members with hypertension reported that their family members need more support for their hypertension. Youth suggested adding more nutrition education activities to the intervention, such as a sodium tracker and examples of high-sodium foods. Adults discussed the need for a hypertension support intervention for themselves and the expected benefits to youth. They mentioned the overwhelming amount of hypertension information available and appreciated the intervention\'s concise content presentation. They suggested adding more mental health and smoking cessation resources, information about specific hypertension medications, and adding active links for health care information.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on focus groups and interviews with participants, a youth-led digital hypertension intervention is an acceptable strategy to engage both adults with hypertension and youth. Incorporating participant suggestions into the intervention may improve its clarity, engagement, and impact when used in a subsequent RCT.