传统的阴极回收方法已经过时,因为人们越来越关注废旧锂离子电池(LIB)回收中的高价值输出和环境友好性。我们的研究提出了一种闭环方法,涉及选择性硫化焙烧,水浸,和再生,有效地转化废旧三元锂电池(即,NCM)进入高性能阴极材料。通过将实验研究与密度泛函理论(DFT)计算相结合,我们阐明了NCM-C-S焙烧系统中的机制,为选择性硫化提供了理论基础。利用原位X射线衍射技术和一系列连续实验,这项研究精心追踪了使用过渡金属硫化物作为主要原料的再生阴极材料的演变。富锂再生NCM表现出卓越的电化学性能,包括长期骑自行车,高速率能力,可逆性,和稳定性。闭环方法突出了这种回收过程的可持续性和环境友好性,在其他阴极材料中的潜在应用,例如LiCoO2和LiMn2O4。与传统方法相比,这种短过程的方法避免了浸出的复杂性,溶剂萃取,和反向萃取,显著提高金属利用率和锂回收率,同时减少污染和资源浪费。
Traditional cathode recycling methods have become outdated amid growing concerns for high-value output and environmental friendliness in spent Li-ion battery (LIB) recycling. Our study presents a closed-loop approach that involves selective sulfurization roasting, water leaching, and regeneration, efficiently transforming spent ternary Li batteries (i.e., NCM) into high-performance cathode materials. By combining experimental investigations with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we elucidate the mechanisms within the NCM-C-S roasting system, providing a theoretical foundation for selective sulfidation. Utilizing in situ X-ray diffraction techniques and a series of consecutive experiments, the study meticulously tracks the evolution of regenerating cathode materials that use transition metal sulfides as their primary raw materials. The Li-rich regenerated NCM exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance, including long-term cycling, high-rate capabilities, reversibility, and stability. The closed-loop approach highlights the sustainability and environmental friendliness of this recycling process, with potential applications in other cathode materials, such as LiCoO2 and LiMn2O4. Compared with traditional methods, this short process approach avoids the complexity of leaching, solvent extraction, and reverse extraction, significantly increasing metal utilization and Li recovery rates while reducing pollution and resource waste.