气候变化和人类活动对土壤流失和土壤保持服务产生了显著影响,对区域生态可持续性构成了威胁。然而,潜在土壤流失之间的关系和潜在的驱动力,实际土壤流失,和水土保持服务还没有得到很好的理解。利用生态系统服务和权衡综合评估(InVEST)模型,我们评估了1990年至2020年青藏高原的土壤保护服务。我们分析了时空趋势,并使用线性回归检查了驱动因素,皮尔逊相关性,和随机森林回归。土壤保持服务表现出复杂的模式,增加后减少,2010年左右的转折点。土壤保持服务和土壤流失表现出非权衡变化。潜在的土壤流失主导了青藏高原土壤保持服务的时空格局。气候因子显著影响土壤保持服务的时空格局,随着年降水量成为主要驱动因素,贡献约20%。然而,2010年以来人类活动的影响越来越明显,植被对土壤保持服务变化的贡献增加。归一化植被指数(NDVI)对一级土壤保持服务的影响,II,和III增加了13.19%,3.08%,和3.41%,分别。相反,在2010年之前的西藏北部和2010年之后的东三江源,土壤保持服务表现出在气候因素和人类活动共同驱动下的增长趋势。表明生态修复措施的实施促进了植被的改善,减少了实际土壤流失。本研究为资源管理提供了科学依据,土地开发战略,以及制定青藏高原生态修复措施。
Climate change and human activities have significantly influenced soil loss and the soil conservation service, posed threats to regional ecological sustainability. However, the relationships and underlying driving forces between potential soil loss, actual soil loss, and soil conservation service have not been well understood. Utilizing the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model, we evaluated the soil conservation service on the Tibetan plateau from 1990 to 2020. We analyzed the spatial and temporal trends and examined the driving factors using linear regression, Pearson correlation, and random forest regression. The soil conservation service exhibited a complex pattern of increase followed by a decrease, with a turning point around 2010. Soil conservation service and soil loss demonstrated non-trade-off changes. The potential soil loss dominated the spatiotemporal patterns of soil conservation service on the Tibetan Plateau. Climatic factors significantly influenced the spatiotemporal patterns of soil conservation service, with annual precipitation emerging as the dominant driving factor, contributing approximately 20%. However, the impacts of human activities became more pronounced since 2010, and the contribution of vegetation to changes in soil conservation service was increased. The impact of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) on soil conservation service for the grades I, II, and III increased by 13.19%, 3.08%, and 3.41%, respectively. Conversely, in northern Tibet before 2010 and eastern Three-River-Source after 2010, soil conservation service exhibited an increasing trend driven by both climate factors and human activities. Which indicates that the implementation of ecological restoration measures facilitated vegetation improvement and subsequently reduced actual soil loss. This study provides a scientific basis for resource management, land development strategies, and the formulation of ecological restoration measures on the Tibetan Plateau.