在20世纪的黎明,产生观察到的电离辐射效应的潜在化学物质,例如,X射线和镭盐,在水溶液中要么未知,要么仅限于辐射后发现的产品。例如,居里注意到密封的镭水溶液会随着时间的推移而莫名其妙地分解,即使被蒙在鼓里.到1928年,有许多论文描述了电离辐射对各种材料的现象学影响,包括早期放射科医生照射过的手.一位对这些辐射效应非常感兴趣的科学家是HugoFricke(Fricke剂量测定法),他在1928年建立了一个实验室,致力于研究辐射的化学效应。他认为结果对于理解观察到的放射生物学效应是必要的。在这个铂金问题的辐射研究(70年连续出版),我们介绍了辐射化学发展的早期历史及其对机械放射生物学各个层面的贡献。我们将其发展总结为辐射研究学会及其期刊的四大学科支柱之一,辐射研究,成立于1952-1954年期间。此外,对辐射化学学科和出生做出重大贡献的科学家的工作,介绍了学会及其期刊的生活和文化。在1954年之后的几年中,对各种类型的辐射产生的物种的潜在时空特性的了解不断增加,并与其放射生物学和现代技术有关(例如,脉冲辐射分解,电子顺磁共振)随着辐射化学学科的发展而变得可用。总结了20世纪和21世纪迄今为止有关辐射化学/生物化学的这些研究的重要结果。最后,我们展望未来,看看辐射化学研究可能会有什么方向,基于有前途的当前研究。我们发现至少有两个可能的方向需要辐射化学专业知识,以确保正确的实验设计和数据解释。这些是FLASH放射治疗,以及以低剂量率递送低剂量辐射的影响的潜在机制。提供了辐射化学家如何为这些研究提供有益输入的示例。
At the dawn of the 20th Century, the underlying chemistry that produced the observed effects of ionizing radiation, e.g., X rays and Radium salts, on aqueous solutions was either unknown or restricted to products found postirradiation. For example, the Curies noted that sealed aqueous solutions of Radium inexplicably decomposed over time, even when kept in the dark. By 1928 there were numerous papers describing the phenomenological effects of ionizing radiation on a wide variety of materials, including the irradiated hands of early radiologists. One scientist who became intensely interested in these radiation effects was Hugo Fricke (Fricke Dosimetry) who established a laboratory in 1928 dedicated to studies on chemical effects of radiation, the results of which he believed were necessary to understand observed radiobiological effects. In this Platinum Issue of Radiation Research (70 years of continuous publication), we present the early history of the development of radiation chemistry and its contributions to all levels of mechanistic
radiobiology. We summarize its development as one of the four disciplinary pillars of the Radiation Research Society and its Journal, Radiation Research, founded during the period 1952-1954. In addition, the work of scientists who contributed substantially to the discipline of Radiation Chemistry and to the birth, life and culture of the Society and its journal is presented. In the years following 1954, the increasing knowledge about the underlying temporal and spatial properties of the species produced by various types of radiation is summarized and related to its
radiobiology and to modern technologies (e.g., pulsed radiolysis, electron paramagnetic resonance) which became available as the discipline of radiation chemistry developed. A summary of important results from these studies on Radiation Chemistry/Biochemistry in the 20th and 21st Century up to the present time is presented. Finally, we look into the future to see what possible directions radiation chemistry studies might take, based upon promising current research. We find at least two possible directions that will need radiation chemistry expertise to ensure proper experimental design and interpretation of data. These are FLASH radiotherapy, and mechanisms underlying the effects of low doses of radiation delivered at low dose rates. Examples of how radiation chemists could provide beneficial input to these studies are provided.