烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(ADBAC),归类为第二代季铵化合物,广泛应用于各个部门,包括兽医学,粮食生产,制药,化妆品,眼科,和农业。因此,大量的ADBACC12-C16被排放到环境中,对水生生物构成威胁。遗憾的是,有关这些化合物的毒理学特征的全面数据仍然很少。本研究旨在确定ADBACC12-C16在环境相关浓度(0.4、0.8和1.6μg/L)下,可能引起氧化应激并改变肝脏中凋亡相关基因的表达,大脑,gut,gut和Daniorerio成人的g(5-6个月)。研究结果表明,暴露96小时后,ADBACC12-C16在所有检查的器官中引起氧化应激反应。尽管如此,这种反应的程度因器官而异,随着g表现出最高程度的敏感性,接下来是肠道,肝脏,和大脑,按降序排列。只有被检查器官的肠道和g显示超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的浓度依赖性降低。类似于氧化应激反应,所有器官都表现出bax的显著增加,blc2、casp3和p53表达水平。然而,g和肠在nrf1和nrf2的表达中表现出独特的抑制。我们的主成分分析(PCA)证实了SOD,CAT,nrf1和nrf2与氧化损伤生物标志物和细胞凋亡相关基因呈负相关;同时,在剩余的器官中,所有生物标志物均广泛相关.从上面来看,可以得出结论,低浓度和环境浓度的ADBACC12-C16可能威胁淡水鱼的健康。
Alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chlorides (ADBACs), classified as second-generation quaternary ammonium compounds, are extensively employed across various sectors, encompassing veterinary medicine, food production, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, ophthalmology, and agriculture. Consequently, significant volumes of ADBAC C12-C16 are discharged into the environment, posing a threat to aquatic organisms. Regrettably, comprehensive data regarding the toxicological characteristics of these compounds remain scarce. This research aimed to determine whether or not ADBAC C12-C16, at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 μg/L), may instigate oxidative stress and alter the expression of apoptosis-related genes in the liver, brain, gut, and gills of Danio rerio adults (5-6 months). The findings revealed that ADBAC C12-C16 elicited an oxidative stress response across all examined organs following 96 h of exposure. Nonetheless, the magnitude of this response varied among organs, with the gills exhibiting the highest degree of susceptibility, followed by the gut, liver, and brain, in descending order. Only the gut and gills of the examined organs displayed a concentration-dependent reduction in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Akin to the oxidative stress response, all organs exhibited a marked increase in bax, blc2, casp3, and p53 expression levels. However, the gills and gut manifested a distinctive suppression in the expression of nrf1 and nrf2. Our Principal Component Analysis (PCA) confirmed that SOD, CAT, nrf1, and nrf2 were negatively correlated to oxidative damage biomarkers and apoptosis-related genes in the gills and gut; meanwhile, in the remaining organs, all biomarkers were extensively correlated. From the above, it can be concluded that ADBAC C12-C16 in low and environmental concentrations may threaten the health of freshwater fish.