背景:视力在儿童的神经运动中起着关键作用,认知和社会发展。视力障碍儿童在后期达到发育里程碑,并且患心理障碍和社交退缩的风险更高。
目的:我们进行了范围审查,以总结评估视力障碍对生活质量的影响的最常用工具,儿童和青少年的功能和参与。此外,讨论了纳入研究的主要发现。
方法:我们搜索了评估生活质量的论文,在2000年至2023年期间,对0至18岁视力障碍儿童和青少年的功能和参与进行了研究。
结果:总计,69项研究符合纳入标准,被纳入综述。儿童自我报告,使用护理人员代理和自我报告问卷以及访谈。结果显示,生活质量,视力障碍的儿童和青少年的功能和参与显着降低,并且影响取决于不同的因素(例如,损害的严重程度,年龄)。
结论:考虑到视力损害对生活质量的显著影响,对这些人口的运作和参与,开发综合和多维评估计划是至关重要的,该计划应考虑不同的生活环境来评估视觉障碍对这些维度的影响(例如,家庭,学校,休闲时间)。这篇论文有什么进展?:本综述旨在概述视力障碍对生活质量的影响,儿童和青少年的功能和参与。我们假设了一种生物心理社会观点,根据国际功能分类对健康的定义,残疾与健康(世卫组织,2001),考虑到身体的功能和结构,功能,参与和环境因素动态相互作用来定义健康,或者疾病,一个人在人生某个时刻的地位。我们报道了最常用的评估生活质量的工具,参与,和功能,对患者报告的结果措施和自我报告措施有特别的兴趣。通过报告使用的不同仪器,我们对可用于临床和研究领域的可用工具进行了广泛的概述,以评估生活质量,在这个群体中的运作和参与。此外,对现有文献的回顾使我们能够证明,这些维度受到视力损害的负面影响,因此应在评估计划中加以考虑.具体来说,有必要提供更综合的评估计划,调查视力障碍对儿童和青少年的社会和情感健康的影响,日常运作和社会关系,考虑到他们和照顾者的主观经验,教师,卫生保健专业人员,和其他相关的成年人参与他们的生活。此外,计划和实施多维评估计划至关重要,该计划考虑了视觉障碍对生活所有领域的不同影响.
BACKGROUND: Vision has a key role in children\'s neuromotor, cognitive and social development. Children with visual impairment attain developmental milestones at later stages and are at higher risk of developing psychological disorders and social withdrawn.
OBJECTIVE: We performed a scoping review to summarize the mostly used instruments assessing the impact of visual impairment on quality of life, functioning and participation of children and adolescents. In addition, the main findings of the included studies are discussed.
METHODS: We searched for papers assessing quality of life, functioning and participation of children and adolescents with visual impairment from 0 to 18 years old conducted between 2000 and 2023.
RESULTS: In total, 69 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Child self-report, caregivers-proxy and self-report questionnaires as well as interviews were used. The results showed that quality of life, functioning and participation are significantly reduced in children and adolescents with visual impairment, and that the impact depends on different factors (e.g., severity of the impairment, age).
CONCLUSIONS: Considering the significant impact of visual impairment on quality of life, functioning and participation on this population, it is fundamental to develop integrated and multi-dimensional assessment programs that evaluate the impact of visual impairment on those dimensions considering different contexts of life (e.g., family, school, leisure time). WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS?: The present review aims to give an overview of what is known about the impact of visual impairment on quality of life, functioning and participation of children and adolescents. We assumed a biopsychosocial perspective which, in line with the definition of health by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (WHO, 2001), considered how body functions and structures, functioning, participation and environmental factors dynamically interact to define the health, or the disease, status of a person at a certain moment of life. We reported the most used instruments for the assessment of quality of life, participation, and functioning, with a specific interest on Patient-Reported Outcome Measures and self-report measures. By reporting the different instruments used, we gave a broad overview about the available tools that can be used in clinical as well as in research field to assess quality of life, functioning and participation in this population. Additionally, the review of the existing literature allowed us to demonstrate that those dimensions are negatively impacted by visual impairment and thus they should be considered in the assessment programs. Specifically, there is the need to provide more integrated assessment programs that investigate the impact of visual impairment on children and adolescents\' social and emotional wellbeing, everyday functioning and social relationship, considering their subjective experience together with the one of caregivers, teachers, health care professionals, and other relevant adults involved in their life. Additionally, it is essential to plan and implement multidimensional assessment programs that consider how all areas of life are differently impacted by visual impairment.