缓控释肥料由于其在产量和质量方面的有效性以及低环境成本而在水稻种植中受到欢迎。然而,这些肥料调节谷物品质的潜在机制仍未得到充分理解。本研究在为期两年的田间试验中调查了五种肥料管理措施对水稻产量和品质的影响:CK,常规施肥,和四种缓控释肥料的应用(UF,脲甲醛;SCU,硫涂层尿素;PCU,聚合物涂层尿素;BBF,控释散装混合肥料)。在2020年和2021年,与常规施肥相比,UF和SCU组的产量显着下降,伴随着营养质量的下降。此外,PCU组的烹饪和饮食质量较差。然而,BBF组产量(10.8thm-2和11.0thm-2)和籽粒品质均达到CK组水平。与淀粉积累相比,PCU组在籽粒灌浆阶段充足的氮供应导致PCU组中蛋白质和氨基酸积累的能力更大。有趣的是,BBF组的碳氮代谢优于PCU组。BBF组中存在的最佳氮供应适合促进参与糖酵解/三羧酸循环的氨基酸的合成,从而有效协调碳氮代谢。新型缓控释肥的应用,BBF,有利于调节碳氮代谢中的碳流,提高稻米品质。
Slow-controlled release fertilizers are experiencing a popularity in rice cultivation due to their effectiveness in yield and
quality with low environmental costs. However, the underlying mechanism by which these fertilizers regulate grain
quality remains inadequately understood. This study investigated the effects of five fertilizer management practices on rice yield and
quality in a two-year field experiment: CK, conventional fertilization, and four applications of slow-controlled release fertilizer (UF, urea formaldehyde; SCU, sulfur-coated urea; PCU, polymer-coated urea; BBF, controlled-release bulk blending fertilizer). In 2020 and 2021, the yields of UF and SCU groups showed significant decreases when compared to conventional fertilization, accompanied by a decline in nutritional quality. Additionally, PCU group exhibited poorer cooking and eating qualities. However, BBF group achieved increases in both yield (10.8 t hm-2 and 11.0 t hm-2) and grain
quality reaching the level of CK group. The adequate nitrogen supply in PCU group during the grain-filling stage led to a greater capacity for the accumulation of proteins and amino acids in the PCU group compared to starch accumulation. Intriguingly, BBF group showed better carbon-nitrogen metabolism than that of PCU group. The optimal nitrogen supply present in BBF group suitable boosted the synthesis of amino acids involved in the glycolysis/ tricarboxylic acid cycle, thereby effectively coordinating carbon-nitrogen metabolism. The application of the new slow-controlled release fertilizer, BBF, is advantageous in regulating the carbon flow in the carbon-nitrogen metabolism to enhance rice
quality.