背景:虽然在美国监测与合成阿片类药物(如非法制造的芬太尼(IMF))相关的发病率和死亡率,缺乏侧重于使用的国家调查数据。调查数据很重要,因为自我报告可以帮助估计在世人群的使用率。
方法:数据来自2022年全国药物使用和健康调查,美国年龄≥12岁的非住院个体的全国代表性概率样本(N=59,069)。估计了过去一年使用货币基金组织的患病率和相关性。数据在2024年进行了分析。
结果:过去一年使用IMF的估计患病率为0.23%(95%置信区间[CI]:0.17-0.31)。与过去一年没有使用相比,如果代理人诊断为涉及使用大麻的使用障碍,个人使用IMF的几率会增加(aOR=3.72,95%CI:1.34-10.32),可卡因(aOR=11.96,95%CI:4.78-29.93),甲基苯丙胺(aOR=5.60,95%CI:1.65-19.02),海洛因(aOR=20.56,95%CI:8.90-47.52),和/或处方阿片类药物(aOR=10.65,95%CI:3.54-32.03)。(Mis)使用而不使用障碍仅对处方阿片类药物有意义(aOR=5.77,95%CI:2.55-13.06)。在过去一年中接受药物使用治疗的患者的使用几率也增加(aOR=5.79,95%CI:2.58-13.00)。
结论:在整个美国,使用IMF的患病率很少。
方法:尽管过去一年(错误)使用其他药物(没有使用障碍)与IMF的使用并不一致,大麻,可卡因,甲基苯丙胺,海洛因,处方阿片类药物使用障碍与使用IMF的几率更高相关,这表明,更“严重”的使用各种药物比使用更多的风险因素。
BACKGROUND: Although morbidity and mortality related to synthetic opioids such as illicitly manufactured fentanyl are monitored in the U.S., there has been a lack of national survey data focusing on use. Survey data are important because self-report can help estimate prevalence of use among living persons.
METHODS: Data were examined from the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a nationally representative probability sample of non-institutionalized individuals aged ≥12 years in the U.S. (N=59,069). Prevalence and correlates of past-year use of illicitly manufactured fentanyl were estimated. Data were analyzed in 2024.
RESULTS: The estimated prevalence of past-year illicitly manufactured fentanyl use was 0.23% (95% CI=0.17, 0.31). Compared with no past-year use, individuals were at increased odds for illicitly manufactured fentanyl use if proxy diagnosed with use disorder involving use of cannabis (AOR=3.72, 95% CI=1.34, 10.32), cocaine (AOR=11.96, 95% CI=4.78, 29.93), methamphetamine (AOR=5.60, 95% CI=1.65, 19.02), heroin (AOR=20.56, 95% CI=8.90, 47.52), and/or prescription opioids (AOR=10.65, 95% CI=3.54, 32.03). (Mis)use without use disorder was only significant for prescription opioids (AOR=5.77, 95% CI=2.55, 13.06). Those receiving treatment for substance use in the past year were also at increased odds for use (AOR=5.79, 95% CI=2.58, 13.00).
CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of illicitly manufactured fentanyl use is rare in the general U.S.
METHODS: Whereas past-year (mis)use of other drugs (without use disorder) was not consistently associated with illicitly manufactured fentanyl use, cannabis, cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, and prescription opioid use disorder was associated with higher odds of illicitly manufactured fentanyl use, suggesting that more severe use of various drugs is more of a risk factor than use.