OBJECTIVE: This study aims to develop the Quality of Life in Pregnancy Scale (PREG-QOL) as a new instrument to evaluate the quality of life during pregnancy and test its psychometric properties.
METHODS: An instrument development study and psychometric testing of the content and construct validity, factor structure and reliability.
METHODS: The study was conducted in three stages: (1) creating an item pool, (2) preliminary evaluation of items, and (3) refining the scale and evaluating psychometric properties. Instrument development guidelines were used to evaluate content validity, construct validity, internal consistency and stability of the instrument over time. Data to evaluate psychometric properties of the PREG-QOL were collected between April and August 2021.
RESULTS: Items were developed using in-depth interviews with pregnant women and extensive literature review. Scale-content validity index was 0.98. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 26-item instrument with 6 factors, which explained % 56.2 of variance. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that factors 3 and 5 should be combined into the factor of physical domain since they included items about the same theme. Fit indices obtained by CFA were at sufficient levels. Parallel test method was employed to evaluate the correlation of the PREG-QOL with the SF-36. The findings indicated that the PREG-QOL had high internal inconsistency and stability over time.
CONCLUSIONS: The PREG-QOL is a valid and reliable instrument in terms of its psychometric characteristics. The 26-item instrument was composed of the five factors of perception of general satisfaction, emotional domain, physical domain, health support systems and social domain.
CONCLUSIONS: Displaying good psychometric properties, the PREG-QOL may be used to evaluate multiple dimensions of the quality of life during pregnancy.

Many older adults are increasingly embracing digital technology in the Republic of Korea. This study investigated the relationship between the digital skills of Korean older adults and their perceived health status and digital technology application for health promotion. This mixed-method study comprised a community survey of 434 older adults aged ≥65 in two cities in South Korea, followed by focus group interviews. Five types of digital skills, \'operational internet skills\', \'information navigation skills\', \'social skills\', \'creative skills\', and \'mobile skills\', were measured using the LSE digital skill measurement instrument. Multivariable analysis identified the influence of digital skills on health-related outcomes. Among them, \'social skills\' associated positively with self-rated health (β 0.37, 95%CI 0.08, 0.65). \'Information navigation skills\' contributed positively to the use of digital technology and the internet for a healthy lifestyle in terms of improving eating habits (β 0.43, 95%CI 0.09, 0.77), accessing healthcare (β 0.53, 95%CI 0.21, 0.85), and accessing long-term care services (β 0.45, 95%CI 0.11, 0.79). Thematic analysis revealed that the study participants use Korean language-based resources such as Naver and Kakao Talk for social connection to promote a healthy lifestyle. This study concludes that encouraging initial and sustained use of the internet and enhancing digital skills among Korean older adults can promote active and healthy aging.

BACKGROUND: Management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) as a chronic disease requires treatment adherence such as controlling the blood glucose level and adopting a healthy lifestyle. The present study aimed to develop and psychometrically evaluate a questionnaire based on the Pender\'s Health Promotion Model (HPM) to measure treatment adherence and the associated factors among T2D patients.
METHODS: The present study was conducted in qualitative and the quantitative phases between March 2022 and March 2023. The participants were T2D patients visiting Shahid Mohammadi hospital Diabetes Clinic in Bandar Abbas in the south of Iran. The first draft of items was extracted from the qualitative phase. The present study used interviews with T2D patients, item construction, validity and reliability evaluation of the instrument, and the relevant statistical analyses. It emphasized the significance of content, face, and construct validity, along with reliability testing using Cronbach\'s alpha and test-retest method. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, V16 and AMOS, V23.
RESULTS: A 97-item questionnaire was developed through the qualitative phase and, after content validity, it was reduced to 86 items. Five items were removed in face validation, and after the test-retest method, 79 items were retained. The confirmatory factors analysis confirmed a 65-item model with appropriate fitness of data. Cronbach\'s alpha coefficient showed an acceptable reliability of the diabetes treatment adherence questionnaire (α = 0.92).
CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire developed based on the HPM model provides a standard and comprehensive measurement of the degree of adherence to treatment and the associated factors among Iranian T2D patients. This is especially valuable in the Iranian healthcare context, where effective management of chronic diseases such as diabetes is of a top priority. Questionnaires can help identify barriers and facilitators of treatment adherence to inform systematic and goal-oriented interventions. The proposed questionnaire had good psychometric properties, and can be used as a valid and practical instrument to measure the factors related to treatment adherence behaviors.

The aim of this study was to develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Tilburg Frailty Indicator-Indonesian version (TFI-I). 308 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years participated. The TFI-I exhibited favorable internal consistency (Cronbach\'s alpha = 0.775) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.94). The physical, psychological, and social domains of the TFI-I correlated closely with the similar constructs of other scales, including the Short Physical Performance Battery (P < .001), Fried Frailty Phenotype (P < 0.001), Geriatric Depression Scale (P < .001), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale (P = 0.041), indicating its favorable construct validity. Significant differences were identified between the robust and frailty groups on the Barthel Index (P = .001) and Lawton Instrumental Activity of Daily Living Scale (P < .001). Overall, the TFI-I is valid and reliable when used to evaluate frailty status in clinical and research settings.

UNASSIGNED: Professional identity encompasses the understanding of professional practices and the development of values and skills within a specific profession.
UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to assess the suitability of the 9-item Macleod Clark Professional Identity Scale, originally developed by Adams et al. (2006), for Turkish culture and examine its psychometric properties in a sample of postgraduate nurses.
UNASSIGNED: The study was conducted using a methodological approach. The sample consisted of 100 postgraduate nurses. Various analyses were conducted, including descriptive statistics of the scale, Cronbach\'s alpha coefficient, item-total score correlation, and scale response bias for reliability assessments. Validity analyses included assessments of language, content, construct validity, concurrent validity, and known group validity.
UNASSIGNED: The Cronbach\'s alpha coefficient for the 9-item Macleod Clark Professional Identity Scale was found to be 0.85, indicating good internal consistency. Item-total score correlations ranged from 0.34 to 0.88. The confirmatory factor analysis goodness of fit indices, except for the AGFI index, had acceptable values after two modifications. The single-factor structure of the scale was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. For concurrent validity, the scale demonstrated a positive and robust correlation with scores from the Nursing Professional Commitment Scale, supporting its validity. In terms of predictive validity, a regression model was established to assess the relationship between independent variables and core professional identity, and the model was found to be at acceptable levels.
UNASSIGNED: This study showed that the Turkish adaptation of the 9-item unidimensional \"Macleod Clark Professional Identity Scale\" demonstrates acceptable levels of validity and reliability when administered to postgraduate nurses in Turkey.

Empowering pregnant women is a crucial process that healthcare providers should evaluate, as empowerment is a meaningful indicator that can reflect the impact of health promotion and education in antenatal care. The Empowerment Scale for Pregnant Women (ESPW) is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring empowerment. The cross-sectional study was conducted to translate and validate the psychometric properties of the ESPW among 526 pregnant women in China. The forward-backward method was used to translate the English version of the ESPW into the Chinese version. Reliability was examined with the internal consistency and test-retest coefficients. Validity was analyzed with structural, dimensionality, convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. The Cronbach\'s α value of 0.97 and the intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], [0.96, 0.99]) demonstrated excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that five factors with eigenvalues > 1 explained 68.41% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis verified an acceptable model that fit the data exceptionally. The Chinese-translated version of the ESPW (CV-ESPW) had acceptable convergent and discriminant validity. Concurrent validity was supported by the correlation between the total scores of the CV-ESPW and the Chinese version of the Patient Perceptions of the Empowerment Scale (r = 0.64, p < 0.001). The CV-ESPW is a valid and reliable assessment tool for measuring pregnant women\'s empowerment in China and can potentially contribute to evaluating the effectiveness of programs that empower pregnant women.

Background and Purpose: The ability to safely care for patients with pulmonary artery catheters (PACs) is an essential skill for critical care nurses, yet no valid and reliable test exists to assess this knowledge. The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometrics of a test created to assess nurses\' knowledge of PAC safe-care. Methods: Reliability was assessed using Kuder-Richardson-20, and validity was assessed using item difficulty, discrimination, and known-groups comparison. Results: The sample (N = 95) consisted of new graduates and experienced nurses. Reliability was less than desired (.657) but expected due to the small number of test items. Validity was supported by item difficulty, discrimination indices, and known-groups comparison. Conclusion: Assessing the reliability and validity of test questions is a crucial step for creating accurate instruments to assess safe-care practices, which can be used to improve course content and evaluation methods.

BACKGROUND: Promoting patient participation stands as a global priority in nursing care. Currently, there is a lack of a standardized tool to assess the culture of patient participation from the perspective of nurses in China.
OBJECTIVE: To translate and examine the validity and reliability of the Patient Participation Culture Tool for healthcare workers (PaCT-HCW) on general hospital wards in Chinese nursing context.
METHODS: A cross-sectional research study was conducted among 812 nurses. Brislin\'s recommendations were adhered to during the translation of the scale. Validity was assessed using construct validity, content validity, and face validity. Split-half reliability, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency reliability were used to evaluate dependability. The study was guided and reported following the STROBE checklist and recommendations for reporting the results of studies of instrument and scale development and testing.
RESULTS: The Chinese version of PaCT-HCW (the PaCT-HCW-C) exhibits good face validity and content validity. A rigorous exploratory factor analyse verified a six-factor (competence, support, perceived lack of time, information sharing and dialogue, response to questions and acceptance of a new role) scale structure with a cumulative variance contribution of the factors with 44 items of 68.840%. With a Cronbach\'s α coefficient of 0.962, split-half reliability of 0.866, and intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.989, the instrument demonstrates great reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis results validated the consistency of the six factors with the structure of the PaCT-HCW-C scale.
CONCLUSIONS: The 44-item PaCT-HCW-C is a valid and reliable instrument with satisfactory psychometric properties. It could serve as a tool for assessing the effectiveness of international programs aimed at fostering patient participation from the perspective of nurses, while also providing insights from China\'s practical experiences.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. Patient-reported outcome measures are used to evaluate patients\' health-related quality of life in clinical breast cancer studies. This study evaluated the structure, validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network-Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Cancer Symptom Index (NFBSI-16) subscales in a clinical trial featuring patients with advanced/metastatic breast cancer (aBC), and estimated NFBSI-16 meaningful change thresholds.
METHODS: Data from 101 patients with aBC enrolled in a phase II trial (Xenera-1) were included for psychometric evaluation of the NFBSI-16. Subscale structure was evaluated by assessing inter-item correlations, item-total correlations, and internal consistency (cycles 2 and 5). Validity was assessed using scale-level convergent validity (cycles 2 and 5) and known-groups (Baseline). Reliability was analysed via test-retest at cycles 3-4, and responsiveness to improvement and worsening was evaluated at cycles 5, 7, and 9. Meaningful change thresholds were estimated using anchor-based methods (supported by distribution-based methods) at cycles 5, 7, and 9.
RESULTS: NFBSI-16 internal consistency was acceptable, but item-total correlations suggested that its subscales and the GP5 item (side-effect of treatment) scores may be preferred over a total score. Convergent and known-groups evidence supported NFBSI-16 validity. Test-retest reliability was good to excellent for Total and DRS-P (disease-related symptoms: physical) scales, and moderate for the GP5 item. Responsiveness to worsening was generally demonstrated, but responsiveness to improvement could not be demonstrated due to limited observed improvement. Anchor-based meaningful change thresholds were estimated for DRS-P and Total scores.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that the NFBSI-16 has desirable psychometric properties for use in clinical studies in aBC. It also provides estimates of group- and individual-level meaningful change thresholds to facilitate score interpretation in future aBC research.

OBJECTIVE: This study examines the factorial structure and psychometric properties of the Eating Disorder-15 questionnaire (ED-15) in a large clinical sample, as well as the instrument\'s sensitivity to early clinical change in therapy and ability to measure remission.
METHODS: Participants with eating disorders (N = 278) referred to the Flinders University Services for Eating Disorders in South Australia completed the ED-15 as well as other measures of eating disorder symptoms and co-occurring psychopathology, including depression, anxiety, and stress.
RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed a two-factor model for the ED-15. The ED-15 had good internal consistency. It showed satisfactory concurrent validity with moderate correlations with the EDE-Q global score and contribution of unique variance to that score. Correlations indicated good convergent validity with clinical impairment and good divergent validity from depression, anxiety, and stress. The ED-15 showed a significant medium effect size change within the first four sessions of therapy. Good discriminant validity was indicated by cut-off scores used for remission, with significantly different levels of ED psychopathology and other impairments between the two groups.
CONCLUSIONS: This study adds to the four previous psychometric studies of the ED-15, confirming robustness of the English version in a clinical sample. The brevity and psychometric robustness of the ED-15 makes it a preferable measure to the Eating Disorder Examination for sessional assessment of progress in treatment.