OBJECTIVE: Hemoptysis in pregnancy is a very rare finding causing diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. The case report of hemoptysis by a 29 years old patient in the 31st week of pregnancy is presented and discussed along with the diagnostic process and treatment provided.Upon pharyngeal cancer occurrence in a pregnant patient a multidisciplinary medical team performed appropriate treatment along with delivery of a healthy newborn at term. Patients and fetal conditions and outcomes were analyzed and compared to available literature in this newly created literature review.
METHODS: After MEDLINE database analysis using formula \"hemoptysis\" AND \"pregnancy\" more than 125 results were found published during the period 2002-2022. Almost 30 papers about hemoptysis were found and included for full analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: The literature review offers a detailed description of previously reported incidents of hemoptysis in pregnancy to gain understanding of the etiology, differential diagnosis, available treatment and predicted future outcomes for both patient and fetus.

The causes of hemoptysis are various, often the patient’s history and physical examination can narrow potential differential diagnosis, and even pseudohemoptysis with a source of bleeding located outside the lungs is possible. A chest radiograph is needed and can identify the cause in up to one third of the cases.

BACKGROUND: Serratia marcescens is a Gram-negative bacillus which belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is a facultative anaerobe and produces red pigment at room temperature. It naturally occurs in soil and water as well as the intestines, and it is responsible for nosocomial infections. There have been few reports about community acquired pneumonia of Serratia.
METHODS: This report presents a 37-year-old man with hemoptysis, fever, and shortness of breath. The clinical and laboratory examinations revealed that the patient had pseudohemoptysis due to S. marcescens pneumonia, on an immunocompromised pattern, because of the coexistence of sarcoidosis (stage 1).
CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate antibiotic therapy for Serratia was administered, and the patient\'s symptoms regressed. The patient is healthy and asymptomatic after 1-year follow-up. To the best of the authors\' knowledge, this is the first reported case of a pseudohemoptysis in a patient with pulmonary sarcoidosis.