具有高浓度盐包水(WiS)电解质的Zn/碱金属双离子电池(ZMDIB)是有前途的下一代储能系统。这种增强设计的锌离子充电电池提供了本质安全,高工作电压,令人满意的能力,和突出的循环稳定性。在这里,将高浓度电解质的概念进一步发展,我们通过在纤维素膜中包封Zn/Li或Zn/Na双盐组合物引入盐包水凝胶生物聚合物电解质(WiS-GBEs)。WiS-GBE继承了高浓度电解质的电化学优点(即,宽电压窗口,高离子电导率,等。)和凝胶生物聚合物结构的优异耐久性。两种类型的WiS-GBE都适用于ZMDIB的硬币和袋装电池隔室,提供高平台电压(>1.8V与Zn2+/Zn),良好的可逆容量(对于Zn/Li和Zn/Na电池,为118和57mAhg-1,分别),和出色的循环稳定性(1000次循环后超过90%)。本质上,带WiS-GBE的袋装电池具有卓越的耐用性,灵活性,和各种弯曲应力条件下的容量耐力(在0-180°弯曲模式下的90%容量保留),表明它们为可穿戴电子设备供电的潜在能力。通过可穿戴数字计时器的示例证明了Li和Na基袋系统的实际供电能力。
Zn/alkali metal dual-ion batteries (ZM DIBs) with highly concentrated water-in-salt (WiS) electrolytes are promising next-generation energy storage systems. This enhanced design of Zn-ion rechargeable batteries offers intrinsic safety, high operating voltage, satisfactory capacity, and outstanding cyclic stability. Herein, taking the concept of highly concentrated electrolytes one step further, we introduce water-in-salt gel biopolymer electrolytes (WiS-GBEs) by encapsulating Zn/Li or Zn/Na bisalt compositions in a cellulose membrane. WiS-GBEs inherit the electrochemical merits of highly concentrated electrolytes (i.e., wide voltage window, high ionic conductivity, etc.) and excellent durability of gel biopolymer structures. Both types of WiS-GBEs apply to coin- and pouch-cell compartments of ZM DIBs, offering a high plateau voltage (>1.8 V vs. Zn2+/Zn), good and reversible capacity (118 and 57 mAh g-1 for Zn/Li and Zn/Na cells, respectively), and outstanding cycling stability (more than 90% after 1,000 cycles). Essentially, the pouch cells with WiS-GBEs present superior durability, flexibility, and capacity endurance under various bending stress conditions (90% capacity retention under 0-180° bending modes), indicating their potential capability to power wearable electronics. The practical powering ability of Li- and Na-based pouch systems is demonstrated by the example of a wearable digital timer.