生物老化是通过物理测量来揭示的,例如,DNA探针或脑部扫描。相比之下,心理功能的个体差异是由心理结构解释的,例如,智力或神经质。这些结构通常通过定制的神经心理学测试来评估,这些测试建立在专家判断的基础上,需要仔细解释。是否可以使用来自普通人群的大样本的机器学习来构建这些不需要人工干预的构造的代理度量?
这里,我们通过将机器学习应用于多模态MR图像和丰富的社会人口统计学信息,构建了代理测量指标,这些信息来自迄今为止最大的生物医学队列:UKBiobank.客观模型比较显示,所有代理都捕获了目标结构,并且同样有用,有时更有用,比表征现实世界健康行为的原始衡量标准(睡眠,锻炼,烟草,酒精消费)。我们观察到代理措施和原始措施在从建模时捕获多个健康相关结构时的这种互补性,两者,大脑信号和社会人口数据。
使用机器学习的人口建模可以从包括大脑信号和问卷数据在内的异质输入中获取心理健康的度量。这可以补充甚至替代临床人群中的心理测量评估。
Biological aging is revealed by physical measures, e.g., DNA probes or brain scans. In contrast, individual differences in mental function are explained by psychological constructs, e.g., intelligence or neuroticism. These constructs are typically assessed by tailored neuropsychological tests that build on expert judgement and require careful interpretation. Could machine learning on large samples from the general population be used to build proxy measures of these constructs that do not require human intervention?
Here, we built proxy measures by applying machine learning on multimodal MR images and rich sociodemographic information from the largest biomedical cohort to date: the UK Biobank. Objective model comparisons revealed that all proxies captured the target constructs and were as useful, and sometimes more useful, than the original measures for characterizing real-world health behavior (sleep, exercise, tobacco, alcohol consumption). We observed this complementarity of proxy measures and original measures at capturing multiple health-related constructs when modeling from, both, brain signals and sociodemographic data.
Population modeling with machine learning can derive measures of mental health from heterogeneous inputs including brain signals and questionnaire data. This may complement or even substitute for psychometric assessments in clinical populations.