■细胞表面蛋白对许多细胞事件极为重要,例如调节细胞-细胞通讯和细胞-基质相互作用。表面蛋白表达的异常改变,修饰(尤其是糖基化),和相互作用与人类疾病直接相关。对表面蛋白质的系统研究促进了我们对蛋白质功能的理解,细胞活动,和疾病机制,这将导致识别表面蛋白作为疾病生物标志物和药物靶标。
■在这篇评论中,我们总结了基于质谱(MS)的蛋白质组学方法,用于细胞表面蛋白的全局分析。然后,讨论了表面蛋白质动力学的研究。此外,我们总结了表面相互作用网络的研究。此外,包括基于MS的表面组学分析的生物学应用,特别强调生物标志物识别的重要性,药物开发,和免疫疗法。
■现代基于MS的蛋白质组学提供了系统表征蛋白质的机会。然而,由于细胞表面蛋白的复杂性,劳动密集型工作流程,和临床样本的限制,对表面的全面表征仍然非常具有挑战性,尤其是在临床研究中。开发和优化表面组学富集方法以及利用自动化样品制备工作流程可以扩展表面组学分析的应用,加深我们对细胞表面蛋白功能的理解。
Cell-surface proteins are extremely important for many cellular events, such as regulating cell-cell communication and cell-matrix interactions. Aberrant alterations in surface protein expression, modification (especially glycosylation), and interactions are directly related to human diseases. Systematic investigation of surface proteins advances our understanding of protein functions, cellular activities, and disease mechanisms, which will lead to identifying surface proteins as disease biomarkers and drug targets.
In this review, we summarize mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics methods for global analysis of cell-surface proteins. Then, investigations of the dynamics of surface proteins are discussed. Furthermore, we summarize the studies for the surfaceome interaction networks. Additionally, biological applications of MS-based surfaceome analysis are included, particularly highlighting the significance in biomarker identification, drug development, and immunotherapies.
Modern MS-based proteomics provides an opportunity to systematically characterize proteins. However, due to the complexity of cell-surface proteins, the labor-intensive workflow, and the limit of clinical samples, comprehensive characterization of the surfaceome remains extraordinarily challenging, especially in clinical studies. Developing and optimizing surfaceome enrichment methods and utilizing automated sample preparation workflow can expand the applications of surfaceome analysis and deepen our understanding of the functions of cell-surface proteins.
The cell surface contains many important proteins such as receptors and transporters. These proteins are responsible for cells to communicate with each other, take nutrients from outside, and interact with their surroundings. Aberrant changes in surface protein expression, modifications, and interactions with other molecules directly result in various diseases, including infections, immune disorders, and cancer. Currently, mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is very powerful to study proteins on a large scale, and there has been a strong interest in employing MS to investigate cell-surface proteins. In this review, we discuss different methods combining mass spectrometry with other approaches to systematically characterize protein abundance, dynamics, modification, and interaction on the cell surface. These methods help uncover protein functions and specific cell-surface proteins related to human diseases. A better understanding of the functions and properties of cell-surface proteins can facilitate the discovery of surface proteins as effective biomarkers for disease early detection and the identification of drug targets for disease treatment.