人们普遍认为,纳米科学和纳米技术及其子领域,比如纳米光子学,纳米电子学,和纳米力学,对传感领域的最新进展产生了巨大的影响,成像,和沟通,随着显著的发展,包括新颖的晶体管和处理器架构。例如,除了非常快,光学和光子组件和设备能够在多个数量级的长度上运行,电源,和光谱尺度,涵盖从宏观器件尺寸和kW能量到原子域和单光子能量的范围。相关电磁现象和应用的极端多功能性,古典和量子,因此,对快速发展的计算和通信领域非常有吸引力,硬件和软件的创新是必要的,以满足不断增长的速度和内存需求。全光学元件的发展,光子芯片,互连,处理器将带来光速,光子相干特性,现场限制和增强,信息承载能力,和广谱的光进入高性能计算,物联网,以及与云相关的行业,雾,以及最近的边缘计算。相反,由于其非凡的性能,0D,1D,和2D材料正在探索作为下一代逻辑组件和处理器的物理基础。碳纳米管,例如,最近被用来创造一种超越原理证明的新处理器。这些事态发展,结合神经形态和量子计算,设想将计算能力的增长保持在硅技术预计的平台之外。我们调查了当前对下一代计算感兴趣的技术的品质因数,重点是边缘计算。
It is widely recognized that nanoscience and nanotechnology and their subfields, such as nanophotonics, nanoelectronics, and nanomechanics, have had a tremendous impact on recent advances in sensing, imaging, and communication, with notable developments, including novel transistors and processor architectures. For example, in addition to being supremely fast, optical and photonic components and devices are capable of operating across multiple orders of magnitude length, power, and spectral scales, encompassing the range from macroscopic device sizes and kW energies to atomic domains and single-photon energies. The extreme versatility of the associated electromagnetic phenomena and applications, both classical and quantum, are therefore highly appealing to the rapidly evolving computing and communication realms, where innovations in both hardware and software are necessary to meet the growing speed and memory requirements. Development of all-optical components, photonic chips, interconnects, and
processors will bring the speed of light, photon coherence properties, field confinement and enhancement, information-carrying capacity, and the broad spectrum of light into the high-performance computing, the internet of things, and industries related to cloud, fog, and recently edge computing. Conversely, owing to their extraordinary properties, 0D, 1D, and 2D materials are being explored as a physical basis for the next generation of logic components and
processors. Carbon nanotubes, for example, have been recently used to create a new processor beyond proof of principle. These developments, in conjunction with neuromorphic and quantum computing, are envisioned to maintain the growth of computing power beyond the projected plateau for silicon technology. We survey the qualitative figures of merit of technologies of current interest for the next generation computing with an emphasis on edge computing.