目的:本研究旨在通过脑电图(EEG)研究精神分裂症(SPs)患者认知控制损害的机制。
方法:本研究共纳入17个SPs和17个健康对照(HCs)。我们测量了脑电图活动,而他们进行了AX连续性能测试,包括准备阶段和响应阶段。MATRICS共识认知电池(MCCB)用于认知功能,阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)用于临床症状评估。使用单变量线性回归模型来探索行为指数与行为指数之间的关系。事件相关电位(ERP),有节奏的振荡力量,以及MCCB和PANSS的评分。
结果:在准备阶段,患者和HC之间的反应准确性和反应时间(RT)存在显着差异(p<.05)。在响应阶段,SP表现出比HC更长的RT(p<0.05)。对ERPs的分析表明,SPs中BX线索上P3a的振幅明显小于HC(p<0.05)。此外,在准备阶段和反应阶段,SP中神经振荡的中线额叶θ功率均显着低于NC。BX线索(r=.694,p=.002)和d\'上下文(r=.698,p=.002)的准确性与MCCB得分呈正相关。
结论:本研究表明,精神分裂症患者在主动和反应性认知控制方面均存在缺陷,在解决冲突的过程中更依赖反应控制。认知控制障碍的神经机制可能涉及无法参与额外的神经资源进行主动控制,在主动和被动控制期间,正面中线θ功率都会降低。主动控制损害的严重程度与依赖反应控制的趋势增加呈正相关。
This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of cognitive control impairment in patients with schizophrenia (SPs) using electroencephalogram (EEG).
A total of 17 SPs and 17 healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. We measured the EEG activity, whereas they performed the AX-continuous performance test which consisted of the preparatory phase and the response phase. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was used for cognitive function, and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used for clinical symptom assessment. A univariate linear regression model was used to explore the relationships among behavioral index, event-related potentials (ERPs), rhythmic oscillation power, and score of MCCB and PANSS.
A significant difference was found in response accuracy and reaction time (RT) during the preparatory phase between patients and HCs (p < .05). During the response phase, the SPs exhibited longer RT than the HCs (p < .05). Analysis of the ERPs revealed that the amplitude of P3a on BX clues was significantly smaller in SPs than in HCs (p < .05). Additionally, the midline frontal theta power of neural oscillation was significantly lower in the SPs than in NCs both during the preparatory and response phases. The accuracies on BX clues (r = .694, p = .002) and d\'context (r = .698, p = .002) were positively correlated with MCCB scores.
The present study revealed that patients with schizophrenia have deficits both in proactive and reactive cognitive control, with a greater reliance on reactive control during conflict resolution. The neural mechanisms of the cognitive control impairment may involve the inability to engage additional neural resources for proactive control, and a reduction in frontal midline theta power during both proactive and reactive control. The severity of proactive control impairment is positively correlated with an increased tendency to rely on reactive control.