目的:本研究旨在研究异性伴侣中亲密伴侣性暴力的特殊性,以及将它们与陌生人或熟人实施的性暴力进行对比。
方法:进行了叙述性综述,以确定科学和医学文献中的相关发现,以告知亲密伴侣的性暴力。研究结果还通过作者与被判有亲密伴侣性暴力的男性合作的临床经验进行了分析。
结果:2006年,《法国刑法典》第222-22条在法律上承认了亲密伴侣的性暴力。在法国,亲密伴侣实施的强奸案占成年女性强奸案的34%。由于个人的变量,亲密伴侣的性暴力很可能被低估,关系,社区,和社会水平。尽管人们普遍认为亲密伴侣性暴力与其他形式的性暴力相比位于严重程度连续体的低端,研究表明,亲密的性暴力对女性同样有害,甚至更有害。与其他类型性暴力的受害者相比,被亲密伴侣性虐待的女性经历更严重的心理健康结果,如抑郁症,焦虑,愤怒,自责,增加了羞耻感,创伤后应激障碍,药物滥用以应付或自杀企图。亲密伴侣的性暴力也与羞辱和背叛信任有关,更大的身体暴力,性传播感染的风险更大,重新受害,严重伤害或杀人的风险更高。除了性强奸的法律定义之外,亲密伴侣性暴力包括广泛的微妙和复杂的行为,如强制性策略,勒索,内隐威胁或生殖控制。新冠肺炎大流行的封锁似乎起到了“揭示”或“加剧”的作用,而不是“引发”亲密暴力。亲密伴侣性暴力的治疗是复杂的,应考虑多种治疗策略来解构罪犯的社会虚假陈述,并使他们意识到伴侣的主体间性。
结论:需要改进对亲密伴侣性暴力的识别和理解,以完善对罪犯-受害者二元的治疗,并打破维持虐待行为的毒性关系动力学。
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the specificities of intimate partner sexual violence among heterosexual partners, as well as to contrast them to the sexual violence perpetrated by strangers or acquaintances.
METHODS: A narrative review was conducted to identify relevant findings in the scientific and medical literature to inform about intimate partner sexual violence. Findings were also analysed with the lens of the clinical experience of the authors working with men convicted of intimate partner sexual violence.
RESULTS: Intimate partner sexual violence was legally recognized by article 222-22 of the French Penal Code in 2006. In France rape committed by intimate partners accounts for 34% of rapes of adult women. Intimate partner sexual violence is likely to be underestimated due to variables of individual, relationship, community, and societal levels. Despite a common perception that intimate partner sexual violence is located at the lower end of the severity continuum compared with other forms of sexual violence, studies have shown that intimate sexual violence is as or even more harmful to a woman. Compared to victims of other types of sexual violence, women sexually abused by an intimate partner experience more severe mental health outcomes such as depression, anxiety, anger, self-blame, increased feelings of shame, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance abuse to cope or suicide attempt. Intimate partner sexual violence is also associated with humiliation and betrayal of trust, greater physical violence, greater risk of sexually transmitted infections, re-victimization, higher risk of serious injury or homicide. Beyond the legal definition of sexual rape, intimate partner sexual violence encompasses a wide range of subtle and complex behaviors such as coercive tactics, blackmail, implicit threat or reproductive control. The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown seems to have played a \"revealing\" or \"aggravating\" role rather than a \"triggering\" of intimate violence. The treatment of intimate partner sexual violence is complex and should consider diverse therapeutic strategies to deconstruct the offenders\' societal misrepresentations and to make them aware of their partner\'s inter-subjectivity.
CONCLUSIONS: Identifying and understanding intimate partner sexual violence need to be improved both to refine the treatment of the offender-victim dyad and to break down the toxic relational dynamics maintaining abusive behaviors.