在整个大流行期间,挪威的学校和幼儿园基本上保持开放,采取灵活的缓解措施。这与许多其他高收入国家长期关闭学校形成鲜明对比。在这里,我们描述了2020/2021学年学校和幼儿园中COVID-19的病例和暴发,以评估通过适当的感染预防控制措施保持开放的策略。
在这项描述性研究中,挪威公共卫生研究所于2020年10月开始对学校和幼儿园的COVID-19病例和疫情进行系统监测.数据来自国家疫情预警系统VESUV,市政当局网站,媒体扫描与国家应急准备登记册BeredtC-19相结合。疫情定义为在同一教育环境下14天内学生或教职员工中≥2例。设置被归类为学前教育(1-5年),小学(6-12年),初中(13-15年)和高中(16-18年)。我们报告了学龄前和学龄学生的发病率,并对暴发进行了描述性概述,并包括了每种教育环境的病例。
在整个学年,在幼儿园和学校环境中总共发现了1203起疫情,全国共有8311所幼儿园和学校。COVID-19在学龄前和学龄儿童中的发病率以及这些环境中的暴发率在很大程度上遵循了社区趋势。大多数疫情发生在小学(40%)和幼儿园(25%)。所有地区的疫情大多很小(中位数为3例,范围2到72),然而,40起疫情(占总数的3%)包括20起或更多病例。较大的疫情主要发生在小学(43%)。
在2020/2021学年,我们观察到挪威的开放学校和幼儿园很少有大规模爆发,而Alpha变体也是主要的。这表明,即使在COVID-19社区传播频繁的时期,也有可能保持学校和幼儿园的开放。坚持适应当地情况的有针对性的IPC措施对于保持教育环境开放至关重要,从而减轻儿童和青少年的总负担。
BACKGROUND: Schools and
preschools have largely remained open in Norway throughout the pandemic, with flexible mitigation measures in place. This contrasts with many other high-income countries that closed schools for long periods of time. Here we describe cases and outbreaks of COVID-19 in schools and
preschools during the academic year 2020/2021, to evaluate the strategy of keeping these open with infection prevention control measures in place.
METHODS: In this descriptive study, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health initiated systematic surveillance for COVID-19 cases and outbreaks in schools and preschools in October 2020. Data was compiled from the national outbreak alert system VESUV, municipality websites, and media scanning combined with the national emergency preparedness register Beredt C-19. An outbreak was defined as ≥ 2 cases among pupils or staff within 14 days at the same educational setting. Settings were categorized as preschool (1-5-years), primary school (6-12-years), lower secondary school (13-15-years) and upper secondary school (16-18- years). We reported the incidence rate among preschool and school-aged pupils and gave a descriptive overview of outbreaks and included cases per educational setting.
RESULTS: During the whole academic year, a total of 1203 outbreaks in
preschools and school settings were identified, out of a total of 8311
preschools and schools nationwide. The incidence of COVID-19 in preschool- and school-aged children and the rates of outbreaks in these settings largely followed the community trend. Most of the outbreaks occurred in primary schools (40%) and
preschools (25%). Outbreaks across all settings were mostly small (median 3 cases, range 2 to 72), however, 40 outbreaks (3% of total) included 20 or more cases. The larger outbreaks were predominantly seen in primary schools (43%).
CONCLUSIONS: We observed few large outbreaks in open schools and preschools in Norway during the academic year of 2020/2021, also when the Alpha variant was predominant. This illustrates that it is possible to keep schools and preschools open even during periods of high community transmission of COVID-19. Adherence to targeted IPC measures adaptable to the local situation has been essential to keep educational settings open, and thus reduce the total burden on children and adolescents.