背景:许多研究报道,产前暴露于全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)会破坏免疫功能。然而,人们对PFASs对免疫分子的影响知之甚少。该研究分析了三岁儿童产前暴露于混合和单一PFAS与血浆免疫分子之间的关系。
方法:检测脐带血清中的10个PFASs,而在3岁时收集外周血样本以测量免疫分子。使用广义线性模型和加权分位数和(WQS)回归分析暴露于个体和组合的PFAS与免疫分子之间的关联。
结果:(1)全氟辛酸(PFOA)每增加一倍,白细胞介素-4(IL-4)增加23.85%(95%CI:2.99,48.94),白介素-6(IL-6)与全氟十三烷酸(PFTrDA)一起增加39.07%(95CI:4.06,85.86)。在Eotaxin-3中,PFOA和全氟壬酸(PFNA)升高分别与34.06%(95%CI:6.41,70.28)和24.41%(95%CI:0.99,53.27)的升高相关。此外,全氟己烷磺酸(PFHxS)的倍增与骨膜素的9.51%下降相关(95%CI:-17.84,-0.33).(2)WQS分析显示混合PFAS与IL-6升高相关(β=0.37,95CI:0.04,0.69),主要由PFTrDA驱动,PFNA,和8:2氯化全氟乙基磺酰胺(8:2Cl-PFESA)。此外,混合PFAS与Eotaxin-3的增加有关(β=0.32,95%CI:0.09,0.55),主要受PFOA的影响,PFTrDA,和全氟十二烷酸(PFDoDA)。
结论:产前PFASs暴露会显著改变三岁儿童的免疫分子水平,强调了解环境对早期免疫发育的影响的重要性。
BACKGROUND: Many studies have reported that prenatal exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) can disrupt immune function. However, little is known about the effects of PFASs on immune molecules. The study analyzed the association between prenatal exposure to mixed and single PFASs and plasma immune molecules in three-year-old children.
METHODS: Ten PFASs were measured in umbilical cord serum, while peripheral blood samples were collected at age three to measure immune molecules. Associations between exposure to individual and combined PFASs and immune molecules were analyzed using Generalized Linear Models and Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression.
RESULTS: (1) Interleukin-4 (IL-4) increased by 23.85% (95% CI:2.99,48.94) with each doubling of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) increased by 39.07% (95%CI:4.06,85.86) with Perfluorotridecanoic Acid (PFTrDA). Elevated PFOA and Perfluorononanoic Acid (PFNA) were correlated with increases of 34.06% (95% CI: 6.41, 70.28) and 24.41% (95% CI: 0.99, 53.27) in Eotaxin-3, respectively. Additionally, the doubling of Perfluorohexane Sulfonic Acid (PFHxS) was associated with a 9.51% decrease in Periostin (95% CI: -17.84, -0.33). (2) The WQS analysis revealed that mixed PFASs were associated with increased IL-6 (β = 0.37, 95%CI:0.04,0.69), mainly driven by PFTrDA, PFNA, and 8:2 Chlorinated Perfluoroethyl Sulfonamide (8:2 Cl-PFESA). Moreover, mixed PFASs were linked to an increase in Eotaxin-3 (β = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.09,0.55), primarily influenced by PFOA, PFTrDA, and Perfluorododecanoic Acid (PFDoDA).
CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal PFASs exposure significantly alters the levels of immune molecules in three-year-old children, highlighting the importance of understanding environmental impacts on early immune development.