旨在生产低脂奶酪(RFC)作为全脂Panela奶酪的替代品,一种高度消耗的墨西哥新鲜乳制品,热声处理(TS)过程(24kHz,额定功率400W,2、4和6分钟;50、55和60°C)进行评估,以处理与低脂牛奶(1和2%脂肪)混合的WPC(80%蛋白质),后来进行了LTLT巴氏灭菌。比较了TS共混物的技术性能(持水量-WPC,gelfirmness-GF,颜色,pH值和可滴定酸度)与常规全脂(3%)LTLT巴氏杀菌牛奶作为对照。之后,对获得的数据进行了回归分析,以便为奶酪制作目的选择最合适的条件(类似的GF,相对于对照而言,WHC较高),尽量减少脂肪含量和TS治疗持续时间,以最大限度地减少能源开支。根据这些限制,选择的条件是1.5%脂肪牛奶-WPC混合物,TS在60°C下处理120s;1%脂肪乳-WPC混合物,TS在50°C下处理120s和1%脂肪牛奶-WPC混合物,50°C,144s,允许制备低脂奶酪(LFC)。这些TS处理更大规模地应用于制作Panela型LFC,比较不同的技术特性(奶酪产量,脱水收缩,含水量,纹理轮廓分析,颜色和可滴定酸度)与全脂肪品种的颜色和可滴定酸度),在第1天和冷藏储存14天期间。结果表明,LFC奶酪和全脂牛奶奶酪在整个储存期的质地相似,成分参数发生了显着变化(较高的水分,蛋白质和盐含量,低脂肪百分比),脱水收缩,选定的颜色参数(色调,b*),没有观察到奶酪产量的变化,奶酪储存期间的TA和pH。这些有希望的结果令人鼓舞的是,使用新的加工技术开发没有物理化学或技术缺陷的LFC,可以帮助减少卡路里消耗而不损害感官可接受性。
Aiming at producing a reduced fat cheese (RFC) as an alternative to full-fat Panela cheese, a highly consumed fresh Mexican dairy product, thermosonication (TS) processes (24 kHz, 400 W nominal power, 2, 4 and 6 min; 50, 55 and 60 °C) were evaluated to treat WPC (80% protein) blended with reduced-fat milk (1 and 2% fat), which were later LTLT pasteurized. TS blends were compared in terms of their technological properties (water holding capacity-WPC, gel firmness- GF, color, pH and titratable acidity) with those of a regular full fat (3%) LTLT pasteurized milk used as a control. Afterwards, a regression analysis was carried out with the obtained data in order to select the most appropriate conditions for cheesemaking purposes (similar GF, higher WHC with respect to the control), minimize both fat content and TS treatment duration to minimize energy expenses. According to these restrictions, the selected conditions were 1.5% fat milk-WPC blend, TS treated at 60 °C for 120 s; 1% fat milk-WPC blend, TS treated at 50 °C for 120 s and 1% fat milk-WPC blend, 50 °C for 144 s, which allowed preparing low fat cheeses (LFCs). These TS treatments were applied in a larger scale to elaborate Panela-type LFCs comparing different technological properties (cheese yield, syneresis, water content, texture profile analysis, color and titratable acidity) with those of a full fat variety, at day 1 and during 14 days of refrigerated storage. Results showed similar texture profiles of LFC cheeses and full fat milk cheeses throughout their storage period with significant changes in composition parameters (higher moisture, protein and salt contents, with low fat percentages), syneresis, selected color parameters (hue, b*), with no observed changes in cheese yield, TA and pH during cheese storage. These promising results are encouraging to develop LFCs with no physicochemical or technological defects using novel processing techniques that may help reducing calorie consumption without compromising sensory acceptability.