目标:空气中的环境污染物,水,土壤,和食物是一个重要的问题,因为它们对胎儿的潜在不利影响,新生儿,婴儿,还有孩子.这些化学物质,通过胎盘移植传给胎儿和婴儿,母乳,婴儿配方奶粉,皮肤转移,和非营养性摄入,会导致儿童时期的健康问题。这篇综述旨在讨论在生命早期阶段接触各种环境污染物如何破坏儿童的生殖健康。
结果:环境污染物可以影响Leydig细胞的增殖和分化,在整个生命中减少睾酮的产生。这可能会导致隐睾,尿道下裂,精液参数受损,生育率下降。尽管许多关于女性生殖健康的研究不能解释为支持因果关系,在关键窗口期间暴露于污染物可能随后诱发女性生殖疾病,包括青春期早期或延迟,多囊卵巢综合征,子宫内膜异位症,和癌症。越来越多的证据表明,胎儿和生命早期暴露于环境污染物可能会影响儿童的生殖健康。尽管饮食被认为是人类接触各种污染物的主要途径,没有采用营养干预措施来减少污染物对儿童健康的有害影响。因此,了解环境污染物对各种健康结果的影响可能会为未来人类营养研究的设计提供信息。
OBJECTIVE: Environmental pollutants in air, water, soil, and food are a significant concern due to their potential adverse effects on fetuses, newborns, babies, and children. These chemicals, which pass to fetuses and babies through trans-placental transfer, breast milk, infant formula, dermal transfer, and non-nutritive ingestion, can cause health problems during childhood. This review aims to discuss how exposure to various environmental pollutants in early life stages can disrupt reproductive health in children.
RESULTS: Environmental pollutants can affect Leydig cell proliferation and differentiation, decreasing testosterone production throughout life. This may result in cryptorchidism, hypospadias, impaired semen parameters, and reduced fertility. Although many studies on female reproductive health cannot be interpreted to support causal relationships, exposure to pollutants during critical windows may subsequently induce female reproductive diseases, including early or delayed puberty, polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, and cancers. There is growing evidence that fetal and early-life exposure to environmental pollutants could affect reproductive health in childhood. Although diet is thought to be the primary route by which humans are exposed to various pollutants, there are no adopted nutritional interventions to reduce the harmful effects of pollutants on children\'s health. Therefore, understanding the impact of environmental contaminants on various health outcomes may inform the design of future human nutritional studies.