UNASSIGNED: The literature suggests that the medical community needs musicians to provide an insider\'s perspective to understand the physical and psychological dimensions of playing an instrument, and healthcare providers need to understand musicians\' experiences in order to develop coping strategies. Compared with professional pianists, student pianists are a neglected group. However, student and professional pianists both want to maintain their playing careers and have the experience of giving up playing because of playing-related musculoskeletal disorder (PRMD). There are a few studies conducted on student pianists\' experiences with PRMD, but none have been conducted in the Chinese context. Given the distinctive characteristics of higher music education in China and Chinese piano students, this study aims to investigate the lived experiences of tertiary student pianists with PRMD.
UNASSIGNED: Phenomenology is the most suitable qualitative method for investigating lived experiences. This study employed a transcendental phenomenological approach to investigate the experiences of student pianists, collecting data through one-on-one interviews and focus group discussions. Since phenomenological research emphasizes the homogeneity of research subjects, all 25 participants in this study are tertiary student pianists from seven Chinese higher education institutions.
UNASSIGNED: Four themes and ten sub-themes were identified in this study. They are as follows: Theme one, Perceptions of PRMD, with sub-themes of body perceptions, negative thought, and emotional changes; Theme two, Complex Identity, with sub-themes of future pianists\' identity, nuanced identity of student pianists, and the dual identity between student pianist and patient; Theme three, Coping Strategies, with sub-themes of self-regulation and actively seek help from social relations; Theme four, Influences and Meanings, with sub-themes of negative influences of PRMD and positive meanings of PRMD.
UNASSIGNED: This study explores the experiences of tertiary student pianists with PRMD, including their subjective thoughts and feelings. It also highlights the importance of understanding tertiary student pianists\' experiences in developing health education and healthcare measures tailored to them.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1151886.].

Playing Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (PRMD) belong to the most prevalent medical ailments affecting musicians\' health and career. This study documents the effect of a physiotherapeutic treatment as well as functional impairments of PRMD on the musculoskeletal system. In total, 32 music students suffering from PRMD were examined in Hanover Medical School (MHH) before and after they received twelve physiotherapeutic treatments, which were carried out over 20 min each over 6 weeks. Additionally, 32 healthy music students, matched by age and gender, were examined at one time point in the MHH to explore which musculoskeletal restrictions are associated with PRMD. The examination included the evaluation of the pain on the Visual Analogue Scale for pain (VAS), a body composition, and body posture measurement, the finger-to-floor distance, the range of motion of the cervical spine, the pressure pain and muscular hypertension examination, the temporomandibular joint-test, the Beighton score screening test, and the testing of the widespread pain score (WSP). After analyzing the data of the patient group (PG) a significant reduction of pain level on the VAS from an average pain of 6.31 to 3.53 was found (large effect). Additionally, a significant reduction of the pressure pain of the M. levator scapulae, the M. rhomboideus, the M. sternocleidomastoideus on the left side and the paravertebral muscles of the cervical spine on the right side after the treatment of the patients could be detected. Regarding the WSP, the positive testing significantly differed, showing a 28% positive testing in the patient group vs. a positive testing of 9% in the control group (CG). As hypermobility is a common phenomenon in musicians, the percentage of those being diagnosed with generalized hypermobility by using the Beighton score in both groups (PG: 37.5%; CG: 25%) was remarkably higher compared to previous studies. In this study, a short course of manual therapy, client tailored for each musician\'s specific problem, was shown to reduce pain levels in musicians with PRMD.

Objectives. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and regions of the body in which musculoskeletal injuries occur in musicians, as well as to identify risk factors related to their occurrence. Methods. A search was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cinahl databases for publications between 2006 and 2020. Observational studies on the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries or their risk factors in musicians aged 18-65 years were eligible for inclusion, and the methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed. Results. In total, 31 studies on multiple instruments and 17 studies on individual instruments were included. Quality was rated as high in 65% of the studies. Lifetime prevalence of injuries ranged from 46 to 90% and current prevalence from 9 to 63%. The most common region of pain was the neck, being present in all instrument families. Being female is a predisposing factor to the appearance of musculoskeletal problems in musicians. Conclusions. Musicians frequently suffer musculoskeletal injuries. The most common regions of the body in which these injuries occur are the neck and shoulders. Numerous risk factors were found to be predisposing to musculoskeletal injuries. We note that there are fewer studies on specific instruments.

BACKGROUND: Musicians\' health is an essential field of healthcare that is specifically tailored to the needs of musicians, which encompasses multiple facets of health.
OBJECTIVE: The research seeks to determine the prevalence of physical injuries in music students and musicians, and to identify possible causes.
METHODS: A previously unvalidated 42-item survey was distributed to music students, non-music students, and professional musicians. The questions addressed demographics, physical health, mental health, medication use, and interest in musicians\' health. The study was conducted from Fall semester 2017 to Winter semester 2019 at McGill University, with analysis completed in August 2019.
RESULTS: A total of 585 complete responses were obtained. Music students (35%) had higher prevalence of physical injuries than non-music students (18%), and professional musicians had the highest prevalence (56%). Multiple factors dictate the prevalence of physical injuries among musicians, including gender, age, program of enrollment, and instrument of choice. Of note, daily duration of practice was not one of these factors.
CONCLUSIONS: Several factors were identified through this cross-sectional analysis to be associated with musicians\' physical injuries. These findings can serve as a foundation through which physicians and post-secondary institutions may implement changes to better enhance the physical health of musicians. It also cast doubts on previous assumptions associated with physical injury of musicians.

The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire (DASH) offers an optional performing arts module. The goal was to examine the psychometric properties of this module in musicians.
This study is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of a biopsychosocial intervention to prevent or reduce playing-related disability in conservatory students. Baseline data were used to examine internal consistency and discriminative validity of the performing arts module of the DASH questionnaire. Construct validity was analyzed by hypotheses testing. The performing arts module outcomes were compared to scores from the general DASH questionnaire, pain disability index, Short-Form 36, playing-related musculoskeletal disorder (PRMD) intensity, and pain intensity.
Questionnaires completed by 130 conservatory students were analyzed, 55% of the population was female. Median age was 20 years (IQR 4). The performing arts module showed good internal consistency (Cronbach\'s alpha 0.893). Discriminative validity between students with and without PRMDs was good. Three out of six hypotheses were accepted, indicating moderate construct validity.
The performing arts module showed good internal consistency, good discriminative validity and moderate construct validity in a population of conservatory students. Implications for Rehabilitation Musicians suffer frequently from musculoskeletal disorders, mostly in the upper extremity. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire is a well-known outcome measure, which also includes a performing arts module. This study is the first to explore psychometric properties of the performing arts module. The performing arts module of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire showed good internal consistency, good discriminative validity, and moderate construct validity.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether playing wind instruments has adverse effects on musculoskeletal functions among junior high school students who play in music clubs.
METHODS: The study included 210 junior high school students (35 boys, 175 girls) belonging to 1 of 4 different school clubs that practiced playing wind instruments more than 6 days/week. The mean age of the participants was 14 years. The study was performed using a questionnaire survey and an electromyographic examination of jaw and cervical muscle activities during playing wind instruments.
RESULTS: The prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) among the children playing woodwind (WW) or brass wind (BW) instruments was higher than in those playing non-wind (NW) instruments. Long duration of playing WW with a reed mouthpiece or BW with a small mouthpiece was suggested to affect the incidence of TMD, which was more marked in girls than in boys, irrespective of height or weight. Muscle activity in the masseter muscle during playing an instrument was significantly higher in the BW with a small mouthpiece group than in the NW group (p < 0.05). In cervical muscles, muscle activity of both the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles was higher during playing BW than in the case of other instruments, and activity in the sternocleidomastoid muscle was significantly higher in the BW with a small mouthpiece group than in the case of other instrument groups (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Playing wind instruments may have adverse effects on musculoskeletal functions among junior high school students playing in music clubs as compared with playing NW instruments. The prevalence of TMD among the students playing wind instruments was higher than in those playing other instruments. Long duration of playing those instruments affects musculoskeletal function, and this effect is more marked in girls than in boys, irrespective of height or weight.