提高作物产量,确保粮食安全,同时减少农业对环境的影响,确保绿色可持续发展,是全球农业面临的巨大挑战。塑料薄膜,广泛用于提高作物产量,还造成了地膜残留污染和温室气体排放,制约了可持续农业的发展。所以,这些挑战之一是减少塑料薄膜的使用,同时确保粮食安全,从而促进绿色和可持续发展。2017-2020年在3个农田地区进行了田间试验,每个都有不同的海拔和气候条件,在新疆北部,中国。我们研究了对玉米产量的影响,经济回报,在滴灌玉米生产中,塑料薄膜覆盖(PFM)与不覆盖(NM)方法的温室气体(GHG)排放。我们还选择了具有3种不同成熟时间的玉米杂交种,并使用2种种植密度来进一步研究这些差异如何更具体地影响玉米产量。经济回报,以及每种覆盖方式下的温室气体(GHG)排放量。我们发现,通过使用NM的累积温度(URAT)利用率<86.6%的玉米品种,种植密度增加3株m-2,产量和经济效益提高,温室气体排放量减少33.1%,与PFM玉米相比。URATs在88.2%至89.2%之间的玉米品种,温室气体排放量最低。我们发现,通过将各种玉米品种所需的累积温度与环境累积温度相匹配,随着无膜和更高密度的种植,以及现代灌溉和施肥实践,产量增加,残留塑料薄膜污染和碳排放减少。因此,农艺管理的这些进步是减少污染和实现碳峰值和碳中和目标的重要步骤。
Increasing crop yields to ensure food security while also reducing agriculture\'s environmental impacts to ensure green sustainable development are great challenges for global agriculture. Plastic film, widely used to improve crop yield, also creates plastic film residue pollution and greenhouse gas emissions that restricts the development of sustainable agriculture. So, one of those challenges is to reduce plastic film use while also ensuring food security, and thus promote green and sustainable development. A field experiment was conducted during 2017-2020 at 3 farmland areas, each with different altitudes and climate conditions, in northern Xinjiang, China. We investigated the effects on maize yield, economic returns, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of plastic film mulching (PFM) versus no mulching (NM) methods in drip-irrigated maize production. We also chose maize hybrids with 3 different maturation times and used 2 planting densities to further investigate how those differences more specifically affect maize yield, economic returns, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under each mulching method. We found that by using maize varieties with a utilization rate of accumulated temperature (URAT) <86.6 % with NM, and increasing the planting density by 3 plants m-2, yields and economic returns improved and GHG emissions reduced by 33.1 %, compared to those of PFM maize. The maize varieties with URATs between 88.2 % to 89.2 %, had the lowest GHG emissions. We discovered that by matching the required accumulated temperatures of various maize varieties to environmental accumulated temperatures, along with filmless and higher density planting, and modern irrigation and fertilization practices, yields increased and residual plastic film pollution and carbon emissions reduced. Therefore, these advances in agronomic management are important steps toward reducing pollution and achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals.