内生细菌在寄主植物的组织内渐近地生活,而不会造成任何损害。内生菌可以赋予植物一些有益的性状,这有助于他们的成长,发展,和整体健康。已发现它们通过增强养分吸收和可用性来刺激植物生长。它们可以产生植物生长促进物质,如生长素,细胞分裂素,和赤霉素,调节植物生长和发育的各个方面。内生菌还可以改善根系结构,导致营养和水分吸收增加。一些内生菌具有溶解营养物质的能力,比如磷和钾,使它们更容易被植物吸收,和固定大气中的氮。鹰嘴豆(Cicerarietinum)是一种主要的豆类作物,与内生菌具有相互的相互作用。这些内生菌可以以各种方式使鹰嘴豆植物受益,包括更高的增长,改善营养吸收,增加对非生物和生物应激源的耐受性,和疾病抑制。它们可以产生清除有害活性氧的酶和代谢物,从而减少氧化应激。此外,一些研究报告说,内生菌产生抗菌化合物,裂解酶,和挥发性有机化合物,抑制真菌病原体的生长并引发植物的系统防御反应,导致对多种病原体的抗性增加。它们可以激活植物防御途径,包括防御相关酶的生产,植物抗毒素,和发病机制相关的蛋白质,从而提供持久的保护。重要的是要注意,鹰嘴豆相关内生菌的多样性和功能可能因品种等因素而异。地理位置,和环境条件。植物有益相互作用背后的机制仍在深入探索中。在这次审查中,提出了农业生产和生态系统稳定性的新生物技术。因此,利用鹰嘴豆内生菌可以用于开发抗旱品种,这些品种可以在干旱和半干旱环境中保持生产力,对于满足全球对鹰嘴豆的需求至关重要。
Endophytic bacteria live asymptomatically inside the tissues of host plants without inflicting any damage. Endophytes can confer several beneficial traits to plants, which can contribute to their growth, development, and overall health. They have been found to stimulate plant growth by enhancing nutrient uptake and availability. They can produce plant growth-promoting substances such as auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins, which regulate various aspects of plant growth and development. Endophytes can also improve root system architecture, leading to increased nutrient and water absorption. Some endophytes possess the ability to solubilize nutrients, such as phosphorus and potassium, making them more available for plant uptake, and fixing atmospheric nitrogen. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is a major legume crop that has mutualistic interactions with endophytes. These endophytes can benefit the chickpea plant in various ways, including higher growth, improved nutrient uptake, increased tolerance to abiotic and biotic stressors, and disease suppression. They can produce enzymes and metabolites that scavenge harmful reactive oxygen species, thus reducing oxidative stress. Moreover, several studies reported that endophytes produce antimicrobial compounds, lytic enzymes, and volatile organic compounds that inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens and trigger systemic defense responses in plants, leading to increased resistance against a broad range of pathogens. They can activate plant defense pathways, including the production of defense-related enzymes, phytoalexins, and pathogenesis-related proteins, thereby providing long-lasting protection. It is important to note that the diversity and function of chickpea-associated endophytes can vary depending on factors such as variety, geographical location, and environmental conditions. The mechanisms behind the plant-beneficial interactions are still being intensively explored. In this review, new biotechnologies in agricultural production and ecosystem stability were presented. Thus, harnessing chickpea endophytes could be exploited in developing drought-resistant cultivars that can maintain productivity in arid and semi-arid environments, crucial for meeting the global demand for chickpeas.