条锈病,由条锈病诱导。Tritici,是全球温带地区最有害和最普遍的疾病,影响全球小麦产区。控制该疾病的有效策略包括增强对条锈病的遗传抗性,通过埃及以前没有对小麦基因型进行过的育种努力来实现。使用标记辅助选择方法评估了38个小麦基因型对条锈病的抗性水平。研究表明,小麦育种程序可以利用缓慢生锈的Yr基因,它们是有效的抗性基因,通过标记辅助育种开发具有条锈病抗性的新基因型。根据所调查的小麦基因型的四种病害反应,结果将基因型分为三组.第一组包括抗性基因型,第二组表现出缓慢生锈的特征,疾病症状发生率最低,最后一组在三个季节中表现出最高的疾病特征率,包括快速生锈的基因型。鉴定的抗锈病基因是Yr5、Yr9、Yr10、Yr15、Yr17、Yr18、Yr26、Yr29、Yr30和Yr36。Yr26、Yr30和Yr36基因存在于所有基因型中。基因型Misr3,Misr4,Giza168,Giza167,Giza170,Giza171,Gemmeiza9和Gemmeiza10携带Yr9基因。只有一种基因型,Sids13被发现具有Yr17基因。在Sids14、Giza168、Giza170、Gemmeiza9和Gemmeiza10中鉴定了基因Yr18和Yr29。然而,小麦基因型均未显示Yr5,Yr10或Yr15的存在。进行了几代回交,将Yr5和Yr10基因引入易感基因型(Misr1,Misr2和Gemmeiza11)。这些基因型在全球范围内种植,以生产优质面粉而闻名,这对农民来说非常重要。该研究表明,在增强小麦基因型以抗条锈性和提高产量方面具有重要的潜力。
Stripe rust, induced by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is the most harmful and prevalent disease in temperate regions worldwide, affecting wheat production areas globally. An effective strategy for controlling the disease involves enhancing genetic resistance against stripe rust, achieved through Egyptian breeding efforts not previously conducted on wheat genotypes. The resistance level to stripe rust in thirty-eight wheat genotypes was assessed using marker-assisted selection methods. The investigation suggests that wheat breeding programs can utilize slow-rusting Yr genes, which are effective resistance genes, to develop novel genotypes with stripe rust resistance through marker-assisted breeding. Based on the four disease responses of the wheat genotypes under investigation, the results categorized the genotypes into three groups. The first group included resistant genotypes, the second group exhibited a slow-rusting character with the lowest disease symptom rates, and the last group displayed the highest disease characteristics rates throughout the three seasons, comprising fast-rusting genotypes. The rust-resistant genes identified were Yr5, Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr29, Yr30, and Yr36. Genes Yr26, Yr30, and Yr36 were present in all genotypes. Genotypes Misr3, Misr4, Giza168, Giza167, Giza170, Giza171, Gemmeiza9, and Gemmeiza10 carried the Yr9 gene. Only one genotype, Sids13, was found to have the Yr17 gene. Genes Yr18 and Yr29 were identified in Sids14, Giza168, Giza170, Gemmeiza9, and Gemmeiza10. However, none of the wheat genotypes showed the presence of Yr5, Yr10, or Yr15. Several backcrossing generations were conducted to introduce the Yr5 and Yr10 genes into susceptible genotypes (Misr1, Misr2, and Gemmeiza11). These genotypes are cultivated globally and are known for producing high-quality flour, making them of great importance to farmers. The study demonstrates significant potential for enhancing wheat genotypes for stripe rust resistance and increased production.