背景：Pilomatricoma是儿童常见但容易误诊的肿瘤。
目的：鉴别儿童毛囊瘤和其他常见皮下结节。
方法：记录4例儿童皮下结节的误诊。
结果：一名7岁男童头部红色肿块误诊为化脓性肉芽肿，证实为毛囊瘤。一个8个月大的男孩脸上的红色肿块被误诊为婴儿血管瘤，也变成了毛囊瘤。一个21个月大女孩乳房上的红色肿块,它被误诊了，被证明是婴儿肌纤维瘤.一个13个月大女孩腋下的皮下结节,它被误诊了，变成了卡介苗相关性淋巴结炎。
结论：当皮下结节患儿出现时，pilomatricoma,血管肿瘤,纤维瘤,应考虑卡介苗相关性淋巴结炎。
BACKGROUND: Pilomatricoma is a common but easily misdiagnosed tumor in children.
OBJECTIVE: To differentiate pilomatricoma from other common subcutaneous nodules in children.
METHODS: Misdiagnosed subcutaneous nodules in four children were recorded.
RESULTS: A red mass on a 7-year-old boy\'s head which had been misdiagnosed pyogenic granuloma was proved to be pilomatricoma. A red mass on an 8-month-old boy\'s face which had been misdiagnosed infantile hemangioma also turned to be
pilomotricoma. A red mass on a 21-month-old girl\'s breast, which had been misdiagnosed pilomatricoma, was proved to be infantile myofibroma. A subcutaneous nodule under a 13-month-old girl\'s armpit, which had been misdiagnosed pilomatricoma, turned to be BCG-associated lymphadenitis.
CONCLUSIONS: When a child with a subcutaneous nodule attends, pilomatricoma, vascular tumors, fibrous tumors, and BCG-associated lymphadenitis should be considered.
