■仔猪断奶前的表现显著影响动物福利和生猪生产的盈利能力。了解仔猪断奶前性能影响因素是提高动物福利的关键,减少损失,并提高盈利能力。这项研究旨在评估平价的影响,出生季节,和性别对F1大白×长白猪凋落物内变化和断奶前性能的影响。
■关于总产仔数的信息,活着出生的人数,死产数量,仔猪出生时的体重,死亡率,从农场数据库(2022年4月至2023年2月)获得了断奶F1大型白×长白猪的数量。2602名女性和2882名男性,总共使用了5484只仔猪,有360头母猪的记录.计算了产仔中仔猪出生体重的变异系数(CV)。MiniTab17中的一般线性模型分析用于评估数据,Fisher的最小显著性差异检验(p<0.05)用于平均分离和皮尔逊矩相关系数计算来评估生存率之间的关系,死亡率,垫料大小,出生体重,出生体重CV。
■平价对产仔数有统计学上的显着影响,出生体重,生存率(p<0.05)。母猪的产次对活产或断奶仔猪的数量没有显着影响(p>0.05)。多产母猪出生时产仔数明显大于初产母猪(p<0.05)。第2、4和5的产仔数没有显着差异(p>0.05),平均20.95、20.74和20.03公斤,分别。约91.29%是第2次记录的最高存活率(p<0.05)。生命的第一周记录了8.02%的死亡率。在第1周,第3-5组的死亡率显着(p<0.05)高于其他组(11.90%)(第1组:6.79%,平价2:5.74%,平价3-5:8.54和9.21%)。秋季(17.34)和春季(17.72)产仔数显著大于夏季(16.47)和冬季(16.83)(p<0.05)。在秋天和春天,生存率(83.15%和85.84%,分别)与夏季(88.40%)和冬季(89.07%)相比显着降低(p<0.05)。在所有的季节,产仔数无显著差异(p>0.05)。出生体重CV在夏季(20.11%)显着(p<0.05)低于春季(22.43%),秋季(23.71%),和冬季(21.69%)。出生季候对活仔猪数量无显著影响(p>0.05)。出生时雄性(1.34kg)比雌性(1.30kg)重(p<0.05)。值得注意的是,男性(22.43%)和女性(22.52%)的出生体重CV相似。凋落物大小与平均凋落物重呈正相关(rp=0.576,p<0.001),出生体重CV(rp=0.244,p<0.001),和死亡率(rp=0.378,p<0.001)。平均产仔数和出生体重CV(rp=-0.028,p>0.05)与存活率(rp=-0.032,p>0.05)之间无明显关系。
■在F1大型白×长白猪中,仔猪的出生均匀性随着产仔数的增大而下降。在奇偶校验3-5中,多胎母猪产仔的均匀性降低。随着垃圾数量的增加,仔猪出生时的均匀性恶化。更大的产仔数和更大的仔猪出生体重变化与更高的断奶前死亡率有关。生产者需要一种平衡的选择方法来增加产仔数,并且必须仔细剔除老化的母猪以引入更年轻的母猪,更有生产力的女性。
UNASSIGNED: A piglet\'s pre-weaning performance significantly influences both animal welfare and profitability in pig production. Understanding piglet pre-weaning performance influencing factors is key to enhancing animal welfare, reducing losses, and boosting profitability. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of parity, season of birth, and sex on within-litter variation and pre-weaning performance of F1 Large White × Landrace pigs.
UNASSIGNED: Information regarding total litter size, number of born alive, number of stillbirths, piglet weight at birth, mortality, and count of weaned F1 Large White × Landrace piglets was acquired from the farm database (April 2022-February 2023). 2602 females and 2882 males, a total of 5484 piglets were utilized, with records from 360 sows. The coefficient of variation (CV) of birth weights among piglets within a litter was calculated. The general linear model analysis in MiniTab 17 was used to evaluate the data, with Fisher\'s least significant difference test (p < 0.05) used for mean separation and Pearson\'s moment correlation coefficient calculated to assess relationships between survival rates, mortality rates, litter size, birth weight, and birth weight CV.
UNASSIGNED: Parity had a statistically significant impact on litter size, birth weight, and survival rate (p < 0.05). The sow\'s parity did not significantly (p > 0.05) impact the number of piglets born alive or weaned. Multiparous sows had a significantly larger litter size (p < 0.05) than primiparous sows at birth. The litter weights for parities 2, 4, and 5 did not significantly differ (p > 0.05), with averages of 20.95, 20.74, and 20.03 kg, respectively. About 91.29% was the highest survival rate recorded in parity 2 (p < 0.05). The 1st week of life recorded an 8.02% mortality rate. The mortality rate in parity 3-5 group was significantly (p < 0.05) higher (11.90%) in week 1 than in the other groups (parity 1: 6.79%, parity 2: 5.74%, parity 3-5: 8.54 and 9.21%). The litter sizes in autumn (17.34) and spring (17.72) were significantly larger (p < 0.05) than those in summer (16.47) and winter (16.83). In autumn and spring, the survival rate (83.15 and 85.84%, respectively) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to summer (88.40%) and winter (89.07%). In all seasons, the litter weights did not significantly differ (p > 0.05). The birth weight CV was significantly (p < 0.05) lower during summer (20.11%) than during spring (22.43%), autumn (23.71%), and winter (21.69%). The season of birth had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the number of live piglets. Males (1.34 kg) were heavier (p < 0.05) than females (1.30 kg) at birth. Notably, the birth weight CV was similar between males (22.43%) and females (22.52%). Litter size was positively correlated with average litter weight (rp = 0.576, p < 0.001), birth weight CV (rp = 0.244, p < 0.001), and mortality rate (rp = 0.378, p < 0.001). An insignificant relationship was observed between average litter weight and birth weight CV (rp = -0.028, p > 0.05) and survival rate (rp = -0.032, p > 0.05).
UNASSIGNED: In F1 Large White × Landrace pigs, birth uniformity among piglets declines as litter size grows larger. In parity 3-5, multiparous sows yield litters with reduced uniformity. With an increase in litter size, uniformity among piglets at birth worsens. A larger litter size and greater piglet birth weight variation are linked to a higher pre-weaning mortality rate. Producers need a balanced selection approach to boost litter size and must cull aging sows carefully to introduce younger, more productive females.