地质富磷山区(GPMn)的城市化和工业化进程导致中国西南地区的水退化。滇池,中国富营养化程度最高的湖泊之一,是这个问题的缩影。对磷(P)减排工作的明确理解,P预算的演变,滇池系统可能存在的风险将有利于未来的富营养化控制,为其他高原淡水湖提供了宝贵的经验。在这项研究中,我们应用系统综述方法来研究上述问题,然后将结果与全球其他湖泊进行比较。一般来说,荟萃分析方法表明,磷水平仍然是导致藻华的关键因素。2015年后,滇池系统的P预算,特别是在草海段,已修改。然而,它仍在经历磷富集的高压(草海:0.4mg·l-1;外海:0.2mg·l-1)。滇池的磷通量仍然很高,两者都通过外部P负荷(556吨·a-1),和一个内部循环(与吸收相关的304吨·a-1,藻类生物量的沉积和去除;与沉积物交换相关的380吨·a-1)。同时,在湖中观察到显著的磷保留,特别是在外海段(211吨·a-1)内。目前,引水(来自外部流域),污水分流,疏沙工程使滇池受益。然而,持续的城市化和GPMn生态退化可能会带来数百吨的额外磷,导致随后的藻华。此外,在滇池之外,中国西南部的其他湖泊和水库在缓解磷方面也面临着类似的问题,特别是在GPMN地区,尽管相应的知识仍然有限。因此,有效和灵活的次区域保护策略以及与外部和内部P缓解措施相关的研究已成为滇池管理的关键要求。同时,对GPMn地区的生态敏感方法,以及流域内的城市发展和市场驱动的处理,应纳入中国西南地区的区域水源保护。
The processes of urbanization and industrialization within geological phosphorus-rich mountains (GPMn) have resulted in water degradation within southwest China. Lake Dianchi, one of the most eutrophicated lakes in China, has epitomized this issue. Clear understandings of phosphorus (P) mitigation efforts, the evolution of P budgets, and possible risks in the Dianchi system will benefit future eutrophication control, providing valuable lessons for other plateau freshwater lakes. In this study, we applied systematic review methodology to investigate the above questions, and then compared the results with other lakes worldwide. Generally, meta-analytical approaches have indicated P levels remain a key factor in causing algal blooms. Post-2015, the P budget of the Dianchi system, especially in Caohai section, was modified. However, it\'s still experiencing high pressures from P enrichment (Caohai: 0.4 mg·l-1; Waihai: 0.2 mg·l-1). The flux of P in Dianchi remains high, both through the external P load (556 ton·a-1), and an internal cycle (304 ton·a-1 associated with the absorption, deposition and removal of algae biomass; and 380 ton·a-1 associated with sediment exchange). Meanwhile, significant P retention has been observed in the lake, in particular within the Waihai section (211 ton·a-1). Currently, water diversion (from external watersheds), sewage diversion, and sediment-dredging projects have benefited Dianchi. However, continuous urbanization and GPMn ecological degradation could introduce hundreds of tons of additional P, leading to subsequent algal blooms. Furthermore, beyond Lake Dianchi, other lakes and reservoirs in southwest China are facing similar issues regarding P mitigation, especially in GPMn regions, though corresponding knowledge is still limited. Therefore, effective and flexible sub-regional protection strategies and research related to external and internal P mitigations have become key requirements for Lake Dianchi management. Meanwhile, ecologically sensitive approaches to GPMn regions, as well as city development within basin and market driven treatments, should be incorporated into regional water source protection for southwest China.