在大多数自然环境中,细菌生活在多微生物群落中,来自邻近物种的分泌分子改变细菌行为,包括运动性,但是这种相互作用研究不足。铜绿假单胞菌是一种活动的机会性病原体,存在于不同的多物种环境中,比如土壤,常见于人体伤口和呼吸道与其他细菌共感染,包括金黄色葡萄球菌.这里,我们表明,铜绿假单胞菌可以共同选择从其他物种分泌的表面活性剂的鞭毛为基础的表面运动。我们发现来自金黄色葡萄球菌的外源表面活性剂,其他细菌,和王国之间的物种使铜绿假单胞菌从成群结队转变为在半固体表面上的替代表面扩散运动,并允许在铜绿假单胞菌无法移动的硬琼脂上出现表面运动。尽管表面传播需要积极的鞭毛功能,已知的运动调节剂不是必需的,这表明表面扩散可能受到一种未知机制的调节。在外源表面活性剂的存在下,这种运动性与大多数其他活动细菌物种的反应不同。突变分析表明,这种铜绿假单胞菌的运动性与先前描述的基于粘蛋白的运动性相似,\"冲浪,“尽管监管存在分歧。因此,我们的研究表明,分泌的表面活性剂从宿主以及邻近的细菌和王国物种作为公共物品促进铜绿假单胞菌鞭毛介导的冲浪样表面运动,从而允许它进入不同的环境生态位。
目的:细菌运动性是细菌适应性和发病机制的重要决定因素,允许扩张和入侵以获取营养并适应新环境。这里,我们证明了来自各种外来物种的分泌表面活性剂,包括其他细菌,感染宿主,真菌,和植物,促进机会病原体铜绿假单胞菌的表面扩散运动,这与已建立的运动表型不同。这种对外来表面活性剂的反应也发生在恶臭假单胞菌中,但不是在更远亲的细菌物种中。我们对基于表面活性剂的表面扩散的系统表征表明,这些种间表面活性剂可作为公共物品,使铜绿假单胞菌能够移动并探索否则不运动的环境条件。
In most natural environments, bacteria live in polymicrobial communities where secreted molecules from neighboring species alter bacterial behaviors, including motility, but such interactions are understudied. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a motile opportunistic pathogen that exists in diverse multispecies environments, such as the soil, and is frequently found in human wound and respiratory tract co-infections with other bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus. Here, we show that P. aeruginosa can co-opt secreted surfactants from other species for flagellar-based surface motility. We found that exogenous surfactants from S. aureus, other bacteria, and interkingdom species enabled P. aeruginosa to switch from swarming to an alternative surface spreading motility on semi-solid surfaces and allowed for the emergence of surface motility on hard agar where P. aeruginosa was otherwise unable to move. Although active flagellar function was required for surface spreading, known motility regulators were not essential, indicating that surface spreading may be regulated by an as yet unknown mechanism. This motility was distinct from the response of most other motile bacterial species in the presence of exogenous surfactants. Mutant analysis indicated that this P. aeruginosa motility was similar to a previously described mucin-based motility, \"surfing,\" albeit with divergent regulation. Thus, our study demonstrates that secreted surfactants from the host as well as neighboring bacterial and interkingdom species act as public goods facilitating P. aeruginosa flagella-mediated surfing-like surface motility, thereby allowing it to access different environmental niches.
OBJECTIVE: Bacterial motility is an important determinant of bacterial fitness and pathogenesis, allowing expansion and invasion to access nutrients and adapt to new environments. Here, we demonstrate that secreted surfactants from a variety of foreign species, including other bacterial species, infection hosts, fungi, and plants, facilitate surface spreading motility in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa that is distinct from established motility phenotypes. This response to foreign surfactants also occurs in Pseudomonas putida, but not in more distantly related bacterial species. Our systematic characterization of surfactant-based surface spreading shows that these interspecies surfactants serve as public goods to enable P. aeruginosa to move and explore environmental conditions when it would be otherwise immotile.